मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-41
त्रिविधा त्रिविधैषा तु विज्ञेया गौणिकी गतिः ।
अधमा मध्यमाग्र्या च कर्मविद्याविशेषतः ॥४१॥
अधमा मध्यमाग्र्या च कर्मविद्याविशेषतः ॥४१॥
41. trividhā trividhaiṣā tu vijñeyā gauṇikī gatiḥ ,
adhamā madhyamāgryā ca karmavidyāviśeṣataḥ.
adhamā madhyamāgryā ca karmavidyāviśeṣataḥ.
41.
trividhā trividhā eṣā tu vijñeyā gauṇikī gatiḥ
| adhamā madhyamā agryā ca karmavidyāviśeṣataḥ
| adhamā madhyamā agryā ca karmavidyāviśeṣataḥ
41.
eṣā gauṇikī trividhā gatiḥ tu vijñeyā
karmavidyāviśeṣataḥ adhamā madhyamā agryā ca
karmavidyāviśeṣataḥ adhamā madhyamā agryā ca
41.
This threefold course of destiny (gati), which is determined by the qualities, should be understood as inferior, middle, and superior, based on the specific distinctions of action (karma) and knowledge.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- त्रिविधा (trividhā) - threefold (threefold, of three kinds)
- त्रिविधा (trividhā) - threefold (threefold, of three kinds)
- एषा (eṣā) - this (course) (this (feminine))
- तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)
- विज्ञेया (vijñeyā) - should be understood (to be known, to be understood, knowable)
- गौणिकी (gauṇikī) - determined by the qualities (secondary, derivative, pertaining to qualities)
- गतिः (gatiḥ) - course of destiny (gati) (motion, course, way, destination, state, destiny)
- अधमा (adhamā) - inferior (lowest, inferior, worst)
- मध्यमा (madhyamā) - middle (middle, intermediate)
- अग्र्या (agryā) - superior (highest, foremost, best, chief)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- कर्मविद्याविशेषतः (karmavidyāviśeṣataḥ) - based on the specific distinctions of action (karma) and knowledge (by distinction of action and knowledge)
Words meanings and morphology
त्रिविधा (trividhā) - threefold (threefold, of three kinds)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of trividha
trividha - of three kinds, threefold
Compound of tri (three) and vidha (kind)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+vidha)
- tri – three
numeral - vidha – kind, sort, manner
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with gatiḥ. The repetition of 'trividhā' in the verse might be for emphasis, with the first 'trividhā' being a standalone adjective and the second forming a sandhi with 'eṣā'.
त्रिविधा (trividhā) - threefold (threefold, of three kinds)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of trividha
trividha - of three kinds, threefold
Compound of tri (three) and vidha (kind)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+vidha)
- tri – three
numeral - vidha – kind, sort, manner
noun (masculine)
Note: Forms sandhi with eṣā. Agrees with gatiḥ.
एषा (eṣā) - this (course) (this (feminine))
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of etad
etad - this
Note: Forms sandhi with trividhā. Agrees with gatiḥ.
तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, however)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic or contrasting particle.
विज्ञेया (vijñeyā) - should be understood (to be known, to be understood, knowable)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vijñeya
vijñeya - to be known, comprehensible, understandable
Gerundive
Root jñā with prefix vi, gerundive suffix -ya
Prefix: vi
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Expresses obligation or suitability, 'is to be known'.
गौणिकी (gauṇikī) - determined by the qualities (secondary, derivative, pertaining to qualities)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of gauṇika
gauṇika - secondary, derivative, belonging to a class, pertaining to the guṇas
Derived from guṇa (quality) + -ika (suffix)
Note: Agrees with gatiḥ.
गतिः (gatiḥ) - course of destiny (gati) (motion, course, way, destination, state, destiny)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of gati
gati - going, motion, course, path, destination, state, destiny, means of attaining
From root gam (to go)
Root: gam (class 1)
अधमा (adhamā) - inferior (lowest, inferior, worst)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of adhama
adhama - lowest, inferior, worst, mean
Note: Describes gatiḥ.
मध्यमा (madhyamā) - middle (middle, intermediate)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of madhyama
madhyama - middle, intermediate, mediocre
Note: Describes gatiḥ.
अग्र्या (agryā) - superior (highest, foremost, best, chief)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of agrya
agrya - foremost, chief, best, excellent
Derived from agra (front, tip)
Note: Describes gatiḥ.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the last adjective in the list.
कर्मविद्याविशेषतः (karmavidyāviśeṣataḥ) - based on the specific distinctions of action (karma) and knowledge (by distinction of action and knowledge)
(indeclinable)
Adverbial suffix -tas, forming a compound from karma, vidyā, and viśeṣa
Compound type : tatpurusha (karma+vidyā+viśeṣa)
- karma – action, deed, work, ritual action, destiny from actions
noun (neuter)
From root kṛ (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - vidyā – knowledge, learning, science, wisdom
noun (feminine)
From root vid (to know)
Root: vid (class 2) - viśeṣa – distinction, difference, peculiarity, specific quality
noun (masculine)
Prefix: vi
Note: Formed with the suffix -tas meaning 'from, by reason of'.