मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-9
शरीरजैः कर्मदोषैर्याति स्थावरतां नरः ।
वाचिकैः पक्षिमृगतां मानसैरन्त्यजातिताम ॥९॥
वाचिकैः पक्षिमृगतां मानसैरन्त्यजातिताम ॥९॥
9. śarīrajaiḥ karmadoṣairyāti sthāvaratāṁ naraḥ ,
vācikaiḥ pakṣimṛgatāṁ mānasairantyajātitām.
vācikaiḥ pakṣimṛgatāṁ mānasairantyajātitām.
9.
śarīrajaiḥ karmadoṣaiḥ yāti sthāvaratām naraḥ
vācikaiḥ pakṣimṛgatām mānasaiḥ antyajātitām
vācikaiḥ pakṣimṛgatām mānasaiḥ antyajātitām
9.
A person (naraḥ) attains the state of immobile beings (such as plants and stones) due to defects in bodily (śarīraja) actions (karma). Through verbal defects, one obtains the state of birds and animals, and through mental (mānasa) defects, the state of the lowest birth.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- शरीरजैः (śarīrajaiḥ) - by bodily (defects) (by those born of the body, by bodily)
- कर्मदोषैः (karmadoṣaiḥ) - by defects in actions (karma) (by faults in action, by defects of karma)
- याति (yāti) - attains, obtains (goes, moves, attains, reaches)
- स्थावरताम् (sthāvaratām) - the state of immobile beings (state of being immobile, immobility, fixedness (e.g., plants))
- नरः (naraḥ) - a person (naraḥ) (man, human being)
- वाचिकैः (vācikaiḥ) - through verbal defects (by verbal (defects), by those pertaining to speech)
- पक्षिमृगताम् (pakṣimṛgatām) - the state of birds and animals (state of being a bird or animal)
- मानसैः (mānasaiḥ) - through mental defects (by mental (defects), by those pertaining to the mind)
- अन्त्यजातिताम् (antyajātitām) - the state of the lowest birth (state of being of the lowest birth/caste)
Words meanings and morphology
शरीरजैः (śarīrajaiḥ) - by bodily (defects) (by those born of the body, by bodily)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of śarīraja
śarīraja - born of the body, bodily
Compound: śarīra (body) + ja (born).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śarīra+ja)
- śarīra – body
noun (neuter) - ja – born, produced from
suffix/adjective
From root 'jan' (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Refers to defects arising from the body.
कर्मदोषैः (karmadoṣaiḥ) - by defects in actions (karma) (by faults in action, by defects of karma)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of karmadoṣa
karmadoṣa - fault of action, defect in deed
Tatpuruṣa compound: karma (action) + doṣa (fault).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (karma+doṣa)
- karma – action, deed, (karma)
noun (neuter)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - doṣa – fault, defect, vice
noun (masculine)
Root: duṣ (class 4)
Note: The instrumental plural indicates the cause.
याति (yāti) - attains, obtains (goes, moves, attains, reaches)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā
Present tense, active voice, 3rd person singular.
Root: yā (class 2)
स्थावरताम् (sthāvaratām) - the state of immobile beings (state of being immobile, immobility, fixedness (e.g., plants))
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of sthāvaratā
sthāvaratā - state of being immobile, immobility, fixedness
From sthāvara (immobile) + tā (suffix for abstract noun).
Note: Object of yāti.
नरः (naraḥ) - a person (naraḥ) (man, human being)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of nara
nara - man, human being, person
Root: nṛ (class 1)
Note: Subject of yāti.
वाचिकैः (vācikaiḥ) - through verbal defects (by verbal (defects), by those pertaining to speech)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of vācika
vācika - verbal, pertaining to speech, spoken
Derived from vāc (speech) with ika suffix.
Note: Parallel to śarīrajaiḥ karmadoṣaiḥ.
पक्षिमृगताम् (pakṣimṛgatām) - the state of birds and animals (state of being a bird or animal)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of pakṣimṛgatā
pakṣimṛgatā - state of being a bird or animal
Dvandva compound of pakṣi (bird) and mṛga (animal) + tā (abstract suffix).
Compound type : dvandva (pakṣin+mṛga+tā)
- pakṣin – bird, winged creature
noun (masculine) - mṛga – animal, beast, deer
noun (masculine) - tā – suffix for abstract noun, state of being
suffix (feminine)
Abstract noun suffix
Note: Object of yāti (implied).
मानसैः (mānasaiḥ) - through mental defects (by mental (defects), by those pertaining to the mind)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of mānasa
mānasa - mental, pertaining to the mind
Derived from manas (mind).
Note: Parallel to śarīrajaiḥ karmadoṣaiḥ and vācikaiḥ.
अन्त्यजातिताम् (antyajātitām) - the state of the lowest birth (state of being of the lowest birth/caste)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of antyajātitā
antyajātitā - state of being of the lowest birth/caste
Compound: antya (last, lowest) + jāti (birth, caste) + tā (abstract suffix).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (antya+jāti+tā)
- antya – last, lowest, ultimate
adjective - jāti – birth, origin, caste, species
noun (feminine)
Root: jan (class 4) - tā – suffix for abstract noun, state of being
suffix (feminine)
Abstract noun suffix
Note: Object of yāti (implied).