मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-44
चारणाश्च सुपर्णाश्च पुरुषाश्चैव दाम्भिकाः ।
रक्षांसि च पिशाचाश्च तामसीषूत्तमा गतिः ॥४४॥
रक्षांसि च पिशाचाश्च तामसीषूत्तमा गतिः ॥४४॥
44. cāraṇāśca suparṇāśca puruṣāścaiva dāmbhikāḥ ,
rakṣāṁsi ca piśācāśca tāmasīṣūttamā gatiḥ.
rakṣāṁsi ca piśācāśca tāmasīṣūttamā gatiḥ.
44.
cāraṇāḥ ca suparṇāḥ ca puruṣāḥ ca eva dāmbhīkāḥ
rakṣāṃsi ca piśācāḥ ca tāmasīṣu uttamā gatiḥ
rakṣāṃsi ca piśācāḥ ca tāmasīṣu uttamā gatiḥ
44.
cāraṇāḥ ca suparṇāḥ ca puruṣāḥ ca eva dāmbhīkāḥ
rakṣāṃsi ca piśācāḥ ca tāmasīṣu uttamā gatiḥ
rakṣāṃsi ca piśācāḥ ca tāmasīṣu uttamā gatiḥ
44.
Wandering bards, mythical birds, and also men who are hypocritical, along with rākṣasas and piśācas – this is considered the highest state (gati) within the realm of ignorance (tamas).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चारणाः (cāraṇāḥ) - bards, wandering singers, celestial musicians
- च (ca) - and, also
- सुपर्णाः (suparṇāḥ) - beautiful-winged birds, mythical birds (like Garuḍa)
- च (ca) - and, also
- पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, human beings
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
- दाम्भीकाः (dāmbhīkāḥ) - hypocritical, arrogant, proud
- रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - rākṣasas (demons, evil spirits)
- च (ca) - and, also
- पिशाचाः (piśācāḥ) - piśācas (goblins, flesh-eating demons)
- च (ca) - and, also
- तामसीषु (tāmasīṣu) - among the tāmasic ones, among those characterized by tamas
- उत्तमा (uttamā) - highest, best, supreme
- गतिः (gatiḥ) - state, course, destination, movement
Words meanings and morphology
चारणाः (cāraṇāḥ) - bards, wandering singers, celestial musicians
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of cāraṇa
cāraṇa - a wanderer, a spy, a bard, a celestial musician
derived from root car (to move)
Root: car (class 1)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
सुपर्णाः (suparṇāḥ) - beautiful-winged birds, mythical birds (like Garuḍa)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of suparṇa
suparṇa - having beautiful wings, a large bird, an eagle, often referring to Garuḍa
Bahuvrihi compound su + parṇa
Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+parṇa)
- su – good, well, beautiful
indeclinable - parṇa – wing, feather, leaf
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, human beings
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa
puruṣa - man, human being, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
Root: pṝ (class 3)
Note: Followed by 'dāmbhīkāḥ' (hypocritical), specifying a type of men.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
(indeclinable)
दाम्भीकाः (dāmbhīkāḥ) - hypocritical, arrogant, proud
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dāmbhīka
dāmbhīka - hypocritical, arrogant, proud, boastful
derived from dambha (hypocrisy, arrogance)
रक्षांसि (rakṣāṁsi) - rākṣasas (demons, evil spirits)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of rakṣas
rakṣas - demon, evil spirit, rākṣasa
Root: rakṣ (class 1)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
पिशाचाः (piśācāḥ) - piśācas (goblins, flesh-eating demons)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of piśāca
piśāca - a class of malevolent beings, goblins, flesh-eaters
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
तामसीषु (tāmasīṣu) - among the tāmasic ones, among those characterized by tamas
(adjective)
Locative, feminine, plural of tāmasī
tāmasī - feminine form of tāmasa, pertaining to tamas
feminine form of tāmasa, which is derived from tamas
उत्तमा (uttamā) - highest, best, supreme
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of uttama
uttama - highest, best, supreme, principal
Superlative degree of 'ud' (up)
Note: Qualifies 'gatiḥ'.
गतिः (gatiḥ) - state, course, destination, movement
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of gati
gati - movement, course, path, state, destination, destiny
derived from root gam (to go)
Root: gam (class 1)