मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-10
वाग्दण्डोऽथ मनोदण्डः कायदण्डस्तथैव च ।
यस्यैते निहिता बुद्धौ त्रिदण्डीति स उच्यते ॥१०॥
यस्यैते निहिता बुद्धौ त्रिदण्डीति स उच्यते ॥१०॥
10. vāgdaṇḍo'tha manodaṇḍaḥ kāyadaṇḍastathaiva ca ,
yasyaite nihitā buddhau tridaṇḍīti sa ucyate.
yasyaite nihitā buddhau tridaṇḍīti sa ucyate.
10.
vāgdaṇḍaḥ atha manodaṇḍaḥ kāyadaṇḍaḥ tathā eva ca
yasya ete nihitā buddhau tridaṇḍī iti saḥ ucyate
yasya ete nihitā buddhau tridaṇḍī iti saḥ ucyate
10.
yasya buddhau vāgdaṇḍaḥ atha manodaṇḍaḥ tathā eva ca kāyadaṇḍaḥ ete nihitāḥ,
saḥ tridaṇḍī iti ucyate
saḥ tridaṇḍī iti ucyate
10.
One who has established the restraint of speech, the restraint of mind, and likewise the restraint of body within their intellect, is called a "tridaṇḍī" (one endowed with three disciplines).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- वाग्दण्डः (vāgdaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of speech, control of speech
- अथ (atha) - then, next, and
- मनोदण्डः (manodaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of mind, control of mind
- कायदण्डः (kāyadaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of body, physical control
- तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly
- एव (eva) - emphasis, "similarly" (indeed, just, only, truly)
- च (ca) - and
- यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom
- एते (ete) - these (referring to the three restraints) (these (masc/fem plural nominative))
- निहिता (nihitā) - firmly established (in the intellect) (placed, deposited, established)
- बुद्धौ (buddhau) - in the intellect, in the understanding
- त्रिदण्डी (tridaṇḍī) - one who has mastered the three disciplines (of speech, mind, and body) (one who possesses three staffs/restraints)
- इति (iti) - introducing a designation or definition ("is called a 'tridaṇḍī'") (thus, so, in this way, indicating direct quotation or a concluding remark)
- सः (saḥ) - he, that
- उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said
Words meanings and morphology
वाग्दण्डः (vāgdaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of speech, control of speech
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of vāgdaṇḍa
vāgdaṇḍa - restraint of speech, control over words
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāc+daṇḍa)
- vāc – speech, word, voice
noun (feminine) - daṇḍa – staff, stick, punishment, fine, restraint, control
noun (masculine)
Root: daṇḍ (class 1)
अथ (atha) - then, next, and
(indeclinable)
मनोदण्डः (manodaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of mind, control of mind
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of manodaṇḍa
manodaṇḍa - restraint of mind, self-control
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manas+daṇḍa)
- manas – mind, intellect, understanding
noun (neuter)
Root: man - daṇḍa – staff, stick, punishment, fine, restraint, control
noun (masculine)
Root: daṇḍ (class 1)
कायदण्डः (kāyadaṇḍaḥ) - restraint of body, physical control
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kāyadaṇḍa
kāyadaṇḍa - restraint of body, physical discipline
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāya+daṇḍa)
- kāya – body, mass, collection
noun (masculine) - daṇḍa – staff, stick, punishment, fine, restraint, control
noun (masculine)
Root: daṇḍ (class 1)
तथा (tathā) - so, thus, similarly
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - emphasis, "similarly" (indeed, just, only, truly)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, what, who, that
एते (ete) - these (referring to the three restraints) (these (masc/fem plural nominative))
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of etad
etad - this, these
Note: Agrees with the masculine plural implied by the three 'daṇḍa's.
निहिता (nihitā) - firmly established (in the intellect) (placed, deposited, established)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of nihita
nihita - placed, deposited, fixed, established
Past Passive Participle
From verb root dhā (to place) with prefix ni. Masculine nominative plural (visarga often dropped in verse).
Prefix: ni
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Functions adjectivally to describe the restraints. The visarga (ḥ) is omitted due to poetic license.
बुद्धौ (buddhau) - in the intellect, in the understanding
(noun)
Locative, feminine, singular of buddhi
buddhi - intellect, understanding, discernment, perception
From root budh (to know, perceive)
Root: budh (class 1)
त्रिदण्डी (tridaṇḍī) - one who has mastered the three disciplines (of speech, mind, and body) (one who possesses three staffs/restraints)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tridaṇḍin
tridaṇḍin - one who bears three staffs, an ascetic, one who has controlled speech, mind, and body
Formed from tri (three) + daṇḍa (staff/restraint) + in (possessive suffix)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+daṇḍa)
- tri – three
adjective - daṇḍa – staff, stick, punishment, fine, restraint, control
noun (masculine)
Root: daṇḍ (class 1)
इति (iti) - introducing a designation or definition ("is called a 'tridaṇḍī'") (thus, so, in this way, indicating direct quotation or a concluding remark)
(indeclinable)
सः (saḥ) - he, that
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to "yasya"
उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac
Present Passive
From root vac (to speak), 2nd conjugation, passive voice, third person singular. Root vac undergoes samprasāraṇa (vc -> uc) in passive forms.
Root: vac (class 2)