मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-32
आरम्भरुचिताऽधैर्यमसत्कार्यपरिग्रहः ।
विषयोपसेवा चाजस्रं राजसं गुणलक्षणम ॥३२॥
विषयोपसेवा चाजस्रं राजसं गुणलक्षणम ॥३२॥
32. ārambharucitā'dhairyamasatkāryaparigrahaḥ ,
viṣayopasevā cājasraṁ rājasaṁ guṇalakṣaṇam.
viṣayopasevā cājasraṁ rājasaṁ guṇalakṣaṇam.
32.
ārambharucitā adhairyam asatkāryaparigrahaḥ
viṣayopasevā ca ājasram rājasam guṇalakṣaṇam
viṣayopasevā ca ājasram rājasam guṇalakṣaṇam
32.
ārambharucitā adhairyam asatkāryaparigrahaḥ
viṣayopasevā ca ājasram rājasam guṇalakṣaṇam
viṣayopasevā ca ājasram rājasam guṇalakṣaṇam
32.
A keen interest in new undertakings, impatience, the acceptance of inappropriate actions, and constant indulgence in sense objects are the characteristics of the rajasic quality (guṇa).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- आरम्भरुचिता (ārambharucitā) - a predisposition towards initiating many activities, typical of rajas (fondness for undertakings, initiative, eagerness for new endeavors)
- अधैर्यम् (adhairyam) - impatience, lack of firmness/fortitude
- असत्कार्यपरिग्रहः (asatkāryaparigrahaḥ) - a characteristic rajasic tendency to engage in actions that are not virtuous or appropriate (undertaking unrighteous deeds, acceptance of improper actions)
- विषयोपसेवा (viṣayopasevā) - excessive engagement with objects of sensory pleasure (indulgence in sense objects, gratification of senses)
- च (ca) - and
- आजस्रम् (ājasram) - indicating continuous or frequent indulgence (constantly, perpetually, continuously)
- राजसम् (rājasam) - characteristic of the quality of rajas (rajasic, pertaining to rajas)
- गुणलक्षणम् (guṇalakṣaṇam) - the defining characteristic of a specific (guṇa) (characteristic of a quality)
Words meanings and morphology
आरम्भरुचिता (ārambharucitā) - a predisposition towards initiating many activities, typical of rajas (fondness for undertakings, initiative, eagerness for new endeavors)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of ārambharucitā
ārambharucitā - eagerness for enterprises, fondness for new undertakings
Compound type : tatpurusha (ārambha+ruci+-tā)
- ārambha – beginning, undertaking, enterprise
noun (masculine)
Prefix: ā
Root: rabh (class 1) - ruci – liking, taste, fondness, desire
noun (feminine)
Root: ruc (class 1) - tā – state of being, -ness, -ity
suffix (feminine)
Abstract noun forming suffix
अधैर्यम् (adhairyam) - impatience, lack of firmness/fortitude
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of adhairya
adhairya - impatience, want of firmness, instability
Derived from a-dhairya (lack of dhairya, firmness)
Compound type : nah-tatpurusha (a+dhairya)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - dhairya – firmness, patience, fortitude
noun (neuter)
Derived from dhīra (firm, resolute)
Note: The initial `a` is the negative prefix.
असत्कार्यपरिग्रहः (asatkāryaparigrahaḥ) - a characteristic rajasic tendency to engage in actions that are not virtuous or appropriate (undertaking unrighteous deeds, acceptance of improper actions)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of asatkāryaparigraha
asatkāryaparigraha - undertaking bad actions, accepting improper work
Compound type : tatpurusha (asat+kārya+parigraha)
- asat – unreal, bad, unrighteous
adjective
Negation of sat (real, good)
Prefix: a
Root: as (class 2) - kārya – work, action, duty, to be done
noun (neuter)
Gerundive
Gerundive of root kṛ (to do)
Root: kṛ (class 8) - parigraha – acceptance, undertaking, acquisition
noun (masculine)
Prefix: pari
Root: grah (class 9)
विषयोपसेवा (viṣayopasevā) - excessive engagement with objects of sensory pleasure (indulgence in sense objects, gratification of senses)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of viṣayopasevā
viṣayopasevā - indulgence in sense-objects, enjoyment of worldly things
Compound type : tatpurusha (viṣaya+upasevā)
- viṣaya – sense object, sphere, domain
noun (masculine) - upasevā – service, attendance, enjoyment, indulgence
noun (feminine)
Prefix: upa
Root: sev (class 1)
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects the last element of the list.
आजस्रम् (ājasram) - indicating continuous or frequent indulgence (constantly, perpetually, continuously)
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverbial usage.
राजसम् (rājasam) - characteristic of the quality of rajas (rajasic, pertaining to rajas)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rājasa
rājasa - rajasic, pertaining to rajas (guṇa), passionate, active
Derived from rajas with the suffix -a
Note: Agrees with `guṇalakṣaṇam`.
गुणलक्षणम् (guṇalakṣaṇam) - the defining characteristic of a specific (guṇa) (characteristic of a quality)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of guṇalakṣaṇa
guṇalakṣaṇa - characteristic of a quality, mark of a constituent
Compound type : tatpurusha (guṇa+lakṣaṇa)
- guṇa – quality, constituent of nature
noun (masculine) - lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
noun (neuter)
Root: lakṣ (class 10)
Note: Predicate nominative; 'asti' (is) is implied.