मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-109
धर्मेणाधिगतो यैस्तु वेदः सपरिबृंहणः ।
ते शिष्टा ब्राह्मणा ज्ञेयाः श्रुतिप्रत्यक्षहेतवः ॥१०९॥
ते शिष्टा ब्राह्मणा ज्ञेयाः श्रुतिप्रत्यक्षहेतवः ॥१०९॥
109. dharmeṇādhigato yaistu vedaḥ saparibṛṁhaṇaḥ ,
te śiṣṭā brāhmaṇā jñeyāḥ śrutipratyakṣahetavaḥ.
te śiṣṭā brāhmaṇā jñeyāḥ śrutipratyakṣahetavaḥ.
109.
dharmeṇa adhigataḥ yaiḥ tu vedaḥ saparibṛṃhaṇaḥ
te śiṣṭāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ jñeyāḥ śrutipratyakṣahetavaḥ
te śiṣṭāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ jñeyāḥ śrutipratyakṣahetavaḥ
109.
yaiḥ tu dharmeṇa saparibṛṃhaṇaḥ vedaḥ adhigataḥ
te śiṣṭāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ śrutipratyakṣahetavaḥ jñeyāḥ
te śiṣṭāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ śrutipratyakṣahetavaḥ jñeyāḥ
109.
Indeed, those by whom the Veda, along with its supplementary texts, has been mastered through adherence to `dharma` (righteous conduct), those disciplined Brahmins are to be considered authorities whose reasons are based on revelation (śruti) and direct perception.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - through adherence to dharma (righteous conduct) (by dharma, through righteousness, by one's innate constitution)
- अधिगतः (adhigataḥ) - mastered, thoroughly understood (obtained, mastered, understood, reached)
- यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom (plural)
- तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, indeed, certainly)
- वेदः (vedaḥ) - the body of Vedic texts (the Veda, sacred knowledge)
- सपरिबृंहणः (saparibṛṁhaṇaḥ) - along with its supplementary texts (Vedāṅgas etc.) (with its amplifications, along with its supplements)
- ते (te) - those
- शिष्टाः (śiṣṭāḥ) - disciplined, learned, eminent, good people
- ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, ritual specialists
- ज्ञेयाः (jñeyāḥ) - are to be considered (as authorities) (should be known, are to be known, knowable)
- श्रुतिप्रत्यक्षहेतवः (śrutipratyakṣahetavaḥ) - having revelation (śruti) and direct perception as their grounds for knowledge (having Śruti and direct perception as their authorities/reasons)
Words meanings and morphology
धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - through adherence to dharma (righteous conduct) (by dharma, through righteousness, by one's innate constitution)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Instrument of 'adhigataḥ'.
अधिगतः (adhigataḥ) - mastered, thoroughly understood (obtained, mastered, understood, reached)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adhigata
adhigata - obtained, gained, acquired, learned, understood, mastered
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of adhi-√gam (to go over, learn, understand)
Prefix: adhi
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Participle of the relative clause.
यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom (plural)
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad
yad - which, who, that
Note: Agent of the passive participle 'adhigataḥ'.
तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the statement) (but, indeed, certainly)
(indeclinable)
Particle.
Note: Emphatic particle.
वेदः (vedaḥ) - the body of Vedic texts (the Veda, sacred knowledge)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of veda
veda - the Veda, sacred knowledge, lore, understanding
From root √vid (to know)
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Subject of 'adhigataḥ'.
सपरिबृंहणः (saparibṛṁhaṇaḥ) - along with its supplementary texts (Vedāṅgas etc.) (with its amplifications, along with its supplements)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of saparibṛṃhaṇa
saparibṛṁhaṇa - accompanied by amplifications, with its supplements
From sa- (with) + paribṛṃhaṇa (amplification, supplement)
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+paribṛṃhaṇa)
- sa – with, accompanied by
indeclinable - paribṛṃhaṇa – amplification, supplement, expansion
noun (neuter)
Nominalization
From pari-√bṛṃh (to augment, strengthen), nominalized
Prefix: pari
Root: bṛṃh (class 10)
Note: Adjective modifying 'vedaḥ'.
ते (te) - those
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaiḥ'.
शिष्टाः (śiṣṭāḥ) - disciplined, learned, eminent, good people
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śiṣṭa
śiṣṭa - disciplined, learned, eminent, well-behaved, prescribed
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of root √śiṣ (to discipline, teach)
Root: śiṣ (class 7)
Note: Adjectival modifier.
ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, ritual specialists
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, relating to Brahman, member of the priestly class
Derived from brahman
Note: Subject of 'jñeyāḥ'.
ज्ञेयाः (jñeyāḥ) - are to be considered (as authorities) (should be known, are to be known, knowable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jñeya
jñeya - to be known, knowable, understandable
Gerundive / Future Passive Participle
Gerundive of root √jñā (to know)
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Predicate adjective.
श्रुतिप्रत्यक्षहेतवः (śrutipratyakṣahetavaḥ) - having revelation (śruti) and direct perception as their grounds for knowledge (having Śruti and direct perception as their authorities/reasons)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śrutipratyakṣahetu
śrutipratyakṣahetu - having Śruti and direct perception as reasons/authorities
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śruti+pratyakṣa+hetu)
- śruti – revelation, Vedic text, sacred tradition, hearing
noun (feminine)
From root √śru (to hear)
Root: śru (class 1) - pratyakṣa – direct perception, immediate apprehension, visible
noun (neuter)
From prati-√akṣ
Prefix: prati
Root: akṣ (class 5) - hetu – cause, reason, motive, argument, authority
noun (masculine)
Note: Predicate adjective for 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.