मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-105
प्रत्यक्षं चानुमानं च शास्त्रं च विविधाऽऽगमम ।
त्रयं सुविदितं कार्यं धर्मशुद्धिमभीप्सता ॥१०५॥
त्रयं सुविदितं कार्यं धर्मशुद्धिमभीप्सता ॥१०५॥
105. pratyakṣaṁ cānumānaṁ ca śāstraṁ ca vividhā''gamam ,
trayaṁ suviditaṁ kāryaṁ dharmaśuddhimabhīpsatā.
trayaṁ suviditaṁ kāryaṁ dharmaśuddhimabhīpsatā.
105.
pratyakṣam ca anumānam ca śāstram ca vividha āgamam
trayam suviditam kāryam dharmaśuddhim abhīpsatā
trayam suviditam kāryam dharmaśuddhim abhīpsatā
105.
Direct perception, inference, and scripture, along with diverse traditional teachings – this triad should be thoroughly understood by one who desires the purification of (dharma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - direct perception (direct perception, visible)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अनुमानम् (anumānam) - inference (inference, conclusion, reasoning)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scripture (scripture, treatise, rule, science)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- विविध (vividha) - diverse (various, diverse, manifold)
- आगमम् (āgamam) - traditional teachings/lore (tradition, teaching, scripture, arrival)
- त्रयम् (trayam) - this triad (referring to pratyakṣam, anumānam, śāstram + āgamam as a collective 'threefold' object) (triad, three)
- सुविदितम् (suviditam) - thoroughly understood (well-known, thoroughly understood, evident)
- कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be made (understood), should be studied (to be done, to be made, duty, work)
- धर्मशुद्धिम् (dharmaśuddhim) - purification of (dharma) (purity of (dharma), purification of duty/justice)
- अभीप्सता (abhīpsatā) - by one who desires (by one desiring, by him who wishes)
Words meanings and morphology
प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - direct perception (direct perception, visible)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pratyakṣa
pratyakṣa - perceptible, visible, direct perception, before the eyes
prati (against, before) + akṣa (eye).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)
- prati – towards, against, every, each
indeclinable
Preposition/prefix. - akṣa – eye, axis, dice
noun (masculine)
Related to akṣi (eye).
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
अनुमानम् (anumānam) - inference (inference, conclusion, reasoning)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anumāna
anumāna - inference, reasoning, conclusion, presumption
anu (after) + māna (measuring, thinking). From anu-mā (to infer).
Prefix: anu
Root: mā (class 2)
Note: Another pramāṇa.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scripture (scripture, treatise, rule, science)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śāstra
śāstra - scripture, treatise, rule, science
From root śās (to teach, instruct).
Root: śās (class 2)
Note: The third pramāṇa, verbal testimony.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
Note: The fourth 'ca' implies 'and also' or 'along with'.
विविध (vividha) - diverse (various, diverse, manifold)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vividha
vividha - various, manifold, diverse, of different kinds
vi (apart) + vidhā (arrangement, kind).
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Agrees with āgamam.
आगमम् (āgamam) - traditional teachings/lore (tradition, teaching, scripture, arrival)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of āgama
āgama - coming, approach, arrival, tradition, scripture, sacred doctrine
From ā-gam (to come to, arrive at).
Prefix: ā
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: The forms pratyakṣam, anumānam, śāstram, āgamam are all nominative singular neuter, acting as subjects of 'should be done'.
त्रयम् (trayam) - this triad (referring to pratyakṣam, anumānam, śāstram + āgamam as a collective 'threefold' object) (triad, three)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of traya
traya - a triad, three
From tri (three) + ya (suffix).
Note: Can be considered an appositive to pratyakṣam, anumānam, śāstram.
सुविदितम् (suviditam) - thoroughly understood (well-known, thoroughly understood, evident)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of suvidita
suvidita - well known, well understood, evident
Past Passive Participle
su (good, well) + vidita (known). vidita is from root vid (to know).
Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (su+vidita)
- su – good, well, excellent, easy
indeclinable
Augmentative/intensifying prefix. - vidita – known, understood, perceived
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root vid (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be made (understood), should be studied (to be done, to be made, duty, work)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya
kārya - to be done, to be made, proper to be done, duty, action, business
Gerundive
Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with ṇyat suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Expresses obligation or suitability.
धर्मशुद्धिम् (dharmaśuddhim) - purification of (dharma) (purity of (dharma), purification of duty/justice)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of dharmaśuddhi
dharmaśuddhi - purity of (dharma), purification of one's (dharma) or duty
Compound of dharma and śuddhi (purity).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+śuddhi)
- dharma – righteousness, natural law, innate constitution, duty, virtue
noun (masculine)
From root dhṛ (to hold, support).
Root: dhṛ (class 1) - śuddhi – purity, purification, correctness, integrity
noun (feminine)
From root śudh (to purify).
Root: śudh (class 4)
Note: The object of desiring.
अभीप्सता (abhīpsatā) - by one who desires (by one desiring, by him who wishes)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhīpsat
abhīpsat - desiring, wishing for, intending
Present Active Participle
From abhi-īp (to desire, wish). īp is from āp (to obtain) with i augment, or from root icch (to wish).
Prefix: abhi
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: The agent of the action kāryam (should be done), indicating 'by whom'.