मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-35
यत कर्म कृत्वा कुर्वंश्च करिष्यंश्चैव लज्जति ।
तज ज्ञेयं विदुषा सर्वं तामसं गुणलक्षणम ॥३५॥
तज ज्ञेयं विदुषा सर्वं तामसं गुणलक्षणम ॥३५॥
35. yat karma kṛtvā kurvaṁśca kariṣyaṁścaiva lajjati ,
taj jñeyaṁ viduṣā sarvaṁ tāmasaṁ guṇalakṣaṇam.
taj jñeyaṁ viduṣā sarvaṁ tāmasaṁ guṇalakṣaṇam.
35.
yat karma kṛtvā kurvan ca kariṣyan ca eva lajjati
tat jñeyam viduṣā sarvam tāmasam guṇalakṣaṇam
tat jñeyam viduṣā sarvam tāmasam guṇalakṣaṇam
35.
yat karma kṛtvā kurvan ca kariṣyan ca eva lajjati
tat sarvam viduṣā tāmasam guṇalakṣaṇam jñeyam
tat sarvam viduṣā tāmasam guṇalakṣaṇam jñeyam
35.
That action (karma) which, having performed, or while performing, or even while intending to perform, one feels ashamed; all of that should be understood by a wise person as the characteristic of the tamas (guṇa).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- यत् (yat) - which (action) (which, whatever)
- कर्म (karma) - action, deed, ritual
- कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, after doing
- कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, while doing
- च (ca) - and
- करिष्यन् (kariṣyan) - will do, intending to do
- च (ca) - and
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
- लज्जति (lajjati) - feels ashamed, is embarrassed
- तत् (tat) - that (action) (that)
- ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - to be known, should be understood
- विदुषा (viduṣā) - by a wise person
- सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entirely
- तामसम् (tāmasam) - characteristic of the tamas (guṇa) (related to tamas, dark, ignorant)
- गुणलक्षणम् (guṇalakṣaṇam) - characteristic of the qualities, definition of the qualities
Words meanings and morphology
यत् (yat) - which (action) (which, whatever)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, whatever
Note: Relative pronoun, referring to 'karma'.
कर्म (karma) - action, deed, ritual
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of karma
karma - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny
From root 'kṛ' (to do) + '-man' suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Subject of the relative clause.
कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, after doing
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed from root 'kṛ' (to do) + '-tvā' suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, while doing
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat
kṛ - to do, to make
Present Active Participle
From root 'kṛ' (class 8), present stem 'kuru-', forming present active participle 'kurvat'.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Masculine nominative singular, refers to the agent of shame.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'kṛtvā' and 'kurvan'.
करिष्यन् (kariṣyan) - will do, intending to do
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kariṣyat
kṛ - to do, to make
Future Active Participle
From root 'kṛ' (class 8), future stem 'kariṣya-', forming future active participle 'kariṣyat'.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Masculine nominative singular, refers to the agent of shame.
च (ca) - and
(indeclinable)
Note: Connects 'kurvan' and 'kariṣyan'.
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasizes the preceding participle.
लज्जति (lajjati) - feels ashamed, is embarrassed
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of lajj
Root: lajj (class 1)
Note: The main verb of the relative clause.
तत् (tat) - that (action) (that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, this
Note: Refers back to 'yat karma'.
ज्ञेयम् (jñeyam) - to be known, should be understood
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jñeya
jñeya - to be known, knowable
Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
Formed from root 'jñā' (to know) + '-ya' suffix.
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Indicates obligation or necessity.
विदुषा (viduṣā) - by a wise person
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidvas
vidvas - wise, learned, knowing
Perfect Active Participle
From root 'vid' (to know) + '-vas' suffix. Functions as a noun here.
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Agent in a passive construction (jñeyam).
सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entirely
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva
sarva - all, every, whole
Note: Agrees with 'tat' and 'guṇalakṣaṇam'.
तामसम् (tāmasam) - characteristic of the tamas (guṇa) (related to tamas, dark, ignorant)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tāmasa
tāmasa - dark, ignorant, belonging to tamas
Derived from 'tamas' (darkness, ignorance) + '-a' suffix.
Note: Agrees with 'guṇalakṣaṇam'.
गुणलक्षणम् (guṇalakṣaṇam) - characteristic of the qualities, definition of the qualities
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of guṇalakṣaṇa
guṇalakṣaṇa - characteristic of qualities, definition of qualities
Compound type : tatpurusha (guṇa+lakṣaṇa)
- guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of nature
noun (masculine) - lakṣaṇa – characteristic, mark, definition
noun (neuter)
Note: The predicate noun for 'tat'.