मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-104
तपो विद्या च विप्रस्य निःश्रेयसकरं परम ।
तपसा किल्बिषं हन्ति विद्ययाऽमृतमश्नुते ॥१०४॥
तपसा किल्बिषं हन्ति विद्ययाऽमृतमश्नुते ॥१०४॥
104. tapo vidyā ca viprasya niḥśreyasakaraṁ param ,
tapasā kilbiṣaṁ hanti vidyayā'mṛtamaśnute.
tapasā kilbiṣaṁ hanti vidyayā'mṛtamaśnute.
104.
tapaḥ vidyā ca viprasya niḥśreyasakaraṃ param
tapasā kilbiṣaṃ hanti vidyayā amṛtam aśnute
tapasā kilbiṣaṃ hanti vidyayā amṛtam aśnute
104.
Austerity (tapas) and knowledge are supremely conducive to ultimate good for a Brahmin. Through (tapas), one destroys impurity, and through knowledge, one attains immortality.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, asceticism, penance, heat)
- विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge (knowledge, learning, science)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- विप्रस्य (viprasya) - of a Brahmin (of a Brahmin, of a sage)
- निःश्रेयसकरं (niḥśreyasakaraṁ) - supremely conducive to ultimate good/liberation (causing ultimate good, bringing liberation, salutary)
- परम् (param) - supremely (supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate)
- तपसा (tapasā) - through (tapas) (by austerity, by penance)
- किल्बिषं (kilbiṣaṁ) - impurity (sin, fault, impurity, guilt)
- हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (destroys, kills, smites)
- विद्यया (vidyayā) - through knowledge (by knowledge, through knowledge)
- अमृतम् (amṛtam) - immortality (immortality, nectar, deathless)
- अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains (attains, reaches, enjoys, eats)
Words meanings and morphology
तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity (tapas) (austerity, asceticism, penance, heat)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - austerity, penance, religious fervor, heat
From root tap (to heat, burn, suffer penance).
Root: tap (class 1)
विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge (knowledge, learning, science)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyā
vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom
From root vid (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Conjunction.
विप्रस्य (viprasya) - of a Brahmin (of a Brahmin, of a sage)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of vipra
vipra - Brahmin, priest, sage, inspired one
From root vip (to tremble, move quickly, be inspired).
Root: vip (class 1)
Note: Refers to a member of the priestly class.
निःश्रेयसकरं (niḥśreyasakaraṁ) - supremely conducive to ultimate good/liberation (causing ultimate good, bringing liberation, salutary)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of niḥśreyasakara
niḥśreyasakara - causing ultimate good, bringing final emancipation, salutary
Compound of niḥśreyasa (ultimate good, liberation) and kara (making, causing).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niḥśreyasa+kara)
- niḥśreyasa – ultimate good, final beatitude, liberation, salvation
noun (neuter)
nis (out) + śreyasa (better, good).
Prefix: nis - kara – making, causing, doing, hand
adjective
From root kṛ (to do, make).
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Here, it acts as a predicate adjective for the implied 'being' or 'is'.
परम् (param) - supremely (supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of para
para - other, subsequent, distant, supreme, ultimate
Note: Often used adverbially.
तपसा (tapasā) - through (tapas) (by austerity, by penance)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - austerity, penance, religious fervor, heat
From root tap (to heat, burn, suffer penance).
Root: tap (class 1)
Note: Indicates the means by which sin is destroyed.
किल्बिषं (kilbiṣaṁ) - impurity (sin, fault, impurity, guilt)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of kilbiṣa
kilbiṣa - sin, fault, impurity, evil deed
From kilba (sin, defect) + ṣa (suffix).
हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (destroys, kills, smites)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of han
Present tense, active voice
Root han in 3rd person singular present.
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Subject is implied 'one' (referring to the Brahmin).
विद्यया (vidyayā) - through knowledge (by knowledge, through knowledge)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of vidyā
vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom
From root vid (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Indicates the means by which immortality is attained.
अमृतम् (amṛtam) - immortality (immortality, nectar, deathless)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of amṛta
amṛta - immortal, nectar, immortality, deathless
a (negation) + mṛta (dead).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mṛta)
- a – not, un-, in-, negation
indeclinable
Negation prefix. - mṛta – dead, deceased
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root mṛ (to die).
Root: mṛ (class 6)
अश्नुते (aśnute) - attains (attains, reaches, enjoys, eats)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of aś
Present tense, middle voice
Root aś (class 5) in 3rd person singular present middle.
Root: aś (class 5)
Note: Subject is implied 'one' (referring to the Brahmin).