मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-1
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य कृत्स्नोऽयमुक्तो धर्मस्त्वयाऽनघः ।
कर्मणां फलनिर्वृत्तिं शंस नस्तत्त्वतः पराम ॥१॥
कर्मणां फलनिर्वृत्तिं शंस नस्तत्त्वतः पराम ॥१॥
1. cāturvarṇyasya kṛtsno'yamukto dharmastvayā'naghaḥ ,
karmaṇāṁ phalanirvṛttiṁ śaṁsa nastattvataḥ parām.
karmaṇāṁ phalanirvṛttiṁ śaṁsa nastattvataḥ parām.
1.
cāturvarṇyasya kṛtsnaḥ ayam uktaḥ dharmaḥ tvayā anaghaḥ
karmaṇām phalanirvṛttim śaṃsa naḥ tattvataḥ parām
karmaṇām phalanirvṛttim śaṃsa naḥ tattvataḥ parām
1.
anaghaḥ tvayā ayam kṛtsnaḥ cāturvarṇyasya dharmaḥ
uktaḥ naḥ tattvataḥ karmaṇām parām phalanirvṛttim śaṃsa
uktaḥ naḥ tattvataḥ karmaṇām parām phalanirvṛttim śaṃsa
1.
O sinless one! You have declared this entire (dharma) pertaining to the four social classes. Now, please tell us, in truth, about the ultimate culmination of actions (karma).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes, pertaining to the four varnas
- कृत्स्नः (kṛtsnaḥ) - entire, complete, whole
- अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)
- उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, declared, stated
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - this entire natural law (dharma) (dharma, natural law, constitution, duty)
- त्वया (tvayā) - by you
- अनघः (anaghaḥ) - O sinless one (addressing a revered person) (O sinless one, faultless one)
- कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions (karma) (of actions, of deeds)
- फलनिर्वृत्तिम् (phalanirvṛttim) - the ultimate culmination of actions (the fruition of results, attainment of fruits)
- शंस (śaṁsa) - please tell, declare (declare, tell, explain)
- नः (naḥ) - to us, us
- तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in essence, in reality
- पराम् (parām) - supreme, ultimate, highest
Words meanings and morphology
चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four social classes, pertaining to the four varnas
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya
cāturvarṇya - the system of four social classes (varṇas), pertaining to the four varnas
Derived from caturvarṇa (four varṇas) with -ya suffix
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+varṇya)
- catur – four
numeral - varṇya – relating to social class, suitable for a varṇa
adjective
From varṇa (social class) with -ya suffix
कृत्स्नः (kṛtsnaḥ) - entire, complete, whole
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtsna
kṛtsna - entire, whole, complete, all
अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, this here (demonstrative pronoun)
उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, declared, stated
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta
ukta - said, spoken, declared
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root vac (to speak) with -ta suffix
Root: vac (class 2)
Note: Participle formed with kta suffix.
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - this entire natural law (dharma) (dharma, natural law, constitution, duty)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
त्वया (tvayā) - by you
(pronoun)
Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad
yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)
अनघः (anaghaḥ) - O sinless one (addressing a revered person) (O sinless one, faultless one)
(adjective)
Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha
anagha - sinless, faultless, pure, innocent
Compound type : tatpuruṣa or bahuvrīhi (a+nāgha)
- a – not, un-, without
prefix - nāgha – sin, fault, trouble
noun (masculine)
कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions (karma) (of actions, of deeds)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, plural of karman
karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
फलनिर्वृत्तिम् (phalanirvṛttim) - the ultimate culmination of actions (the fruition of results, attainment of fruits)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of phalanirvṛtti
phalanirvṛtti - fruition of results, attainment of fruits, completion of results
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (phala+nirvṛtti)
- phala – fruit, result, consequence
noun (neuter) - nirvṛtti – completion, attainment, accomplishment, cessation
noun (feminine)
From root vṛt with nir- prefix and -ti suffix
Prefix: nir
Root: vṛt (class 1)
शंस (śaṁsa) - please tell, declare (declare, tell, explain)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs
Imperative, Root Class 1
Root: śaṃs (class 1)
नः (naḥ) - to us, us
(pronoun)
plural of asmad
asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)
Note: Enclitic form for dative or accusative plural.
तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in essence, in reality
(indeclinable)
Derived from tattva (truth, reality) with -tas suffix
पराम् (parām) - supreme, ultimate, highest
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of para
para - supreme, highest, ultimate, beyond