मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-42
स्थावराः कृमिकीटाश्च मत्स्याः सर्पाः सकच्छपाः ।
पशवश्च मृगाश्चैव जघन्या तामसी गतिः ॥४२॥
पशवश्च मृगाश्चैव जघन्या तामसी गतिः ॥४२॥
42. sthāvarāḥ kṛmikīṭāśca matsyāḥ sarpāḥ sakacchapāḥ ,
paśavaśca mṛgāścaiva jaghanyā tāmasī gatiḥ.
paśavaśca mṛgāścaiva jaghanyā tāmasī gatiḥ.
42.
sthāvarāḥ kṛmikīṭāḥ ca matsyāḥ sarpāḥ sakacchapāḥ
paśavaḥ ca mṛgāḥ ca eva jaghanyā tāmasī gatiḥ
paśavaḥ ca mṛgāḥ ca eva jaghanyā tāmasī gatiḥ
42.
sthāvarāḥ kṛmikīṭāḥ ca matsyāḥ sarpāḥ sakacchapāḥ
paśavaḥ ca mṛgāḥ ca eva jaghanyā tāmasī gatiḥ
paśavaḥ ca mṛgāḥ ca eva jaghanyā tāmasī gatiḥ
42.
Immobile beings, worms, insects, fish, snakes, along with tortoises, domestic animals, and wild animals – this is the lowest state (gati) of existence characterized by the quality of ignorance (tamas).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- स्थावराः (sthāvarāḥ) - immobile beings, plants
- कृमिकीटाः (kṛmikīṭāḥ) - worms and insects
- च (ca) - and, also
- मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fish
- सर्पाः (sarpāḥ) - snakes
- सकच्छपाः (sakacchapāḥ) - along with tortoises
- पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals, domestic animals
- च (ca) - and, also
- मृगाः (mṛgāḥ) - deer, wild animals
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
- जघन्या (jaghanyā) - lowest, vilest, last
- तामसी (tāmasī) - pertaining to tamas, ignorant, dark
- गतिः (gatiḥ) - state, course, destination, movement
Words meanings and morphology
स्थावराः (sthāvarāḥ) - immobile beings, plants
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sthāvara
sthāvara - immobile, stationary; a plant, a tree
derived from root sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Used here as a noun, referring to immobile living beings (plants).
कृमिकीटाः (kṛmikīṭāḥ) - worms and insects
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛmikīṭa
kṛmikīṭa - worms and insects
Itaretara-dvandva compound
Compound type : itaretara-dvandva (kṛmi+kīṭa)
- kṛmi – worm, insect
noun (masculine) - kīṭa – insect, worm
noun (masculine)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
मत्स्याः (matsyāḥ) - fish
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of matsya
matsya - fish
सर्पाः (sarpāḥ) - snakes
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sarpa
sarpa - snake, serpent
Root: sṛp (class 1)
सकच्छपाः (sakacchapāḥ) - along with tortoises
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sakacchapa
sakacchapa - accompanied by tortoises, having tortoises
Bahuvrihi compound 'sa' + 'kacchapa'
Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+kacchapa)
- sa – with, accompanied by
indeclinable - kacchapa – tortoise, turtle
noun (masculine)
Note: Refers to beings including tortoises.
पशवः (paśavaḥ) - animals, domestic animals
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of paśu
paśu - animal, beast, cattle
Root: paś
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
मृगाः (mṛgāḥ) - deer, wild animals
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛga
mṛga - deer, wild animal, game
Root: mṛg (class 2)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
(indeclinable)
जघन्या (jaghanyā) - lowest, vilest, last
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of jaghanya
jaghanya - lowest, last, vile, inferior
Note: Qualifies 'gatiḥ'.
तामसी (tāmasī) - pertaining to tamas, ignorant, dark
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tāmasa
tāmasa - pertaining to tamas, dark, ignorant, deluded
derived from tamas with suffix 'aṇ'
Note: Qualifies 'gatiḥ'.
गतिः (gatiḥ) - state, course, destination, movement
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of gati
gati - movement, course, path, state, destination, destiny
derived from root gam (to go)
Root: gam (class 1)