मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-45
झल्ला मल्ला नटाश्चैव पुरुषाः शस्त्रवृत्तयः ।
द्यूतपानप्रसक्ताश्च जघन्या राजसी गतिः ॥४५॥
द्यूतपानप्रसक्ताश्च जघन्या राजसी गतिः ॥४५॥
45. jhallā mallā naṭāścaiva puruṣāḥ śastravṛttayaḥ ,
dyūtapānaprasaktāśca jaghanyā rājasī gatiḥ.
dyūtapānaprasaktāśca jaghanyā rājasī gatiḥ.
45.
jhallāḥ mallāḥ naṭāḥ ca eva puruṣāḥ śastravṛttayaḥ
dyūtapānaprasaktāḥ ca jaghanyā rājasī gatiḥ
dyūtapānaprasaktāḥ ca jaghanyā rājasī gatiḥ
45.
jhallāḥ mallāḥ naṭāḥ ca eva puruṣāḥ śastravṛttayaḥ
dyūtapānaprasaktāḥ ca jaghanyā rājasī gatiḥ
dyūtapānaprasaktāḥ ca jaghanyā rājasī gatiḥ
45.
Jhallās (a type of fighter/wrestler), wrestlers, and also actors, men whose profession involves weapons, and those addicted to gambling and drinking – this is the lowest state (gati) associated with the quality of passion (rajas).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- झल्लाः (jhallāḥ) - Jhallās (a type of warrior/wrestler)
- मल्लाः (mallāḥ) - wrestlers, boxers
- नटाः (naṭāḥ) - actors, dancers, mimes
- च (ca) - and, also
- एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
- पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, human beings
- शस्त्रवृत्तयः (śastravṛttayaḥ) - those whose profession is weapons, warriors, soldiers
- द्यूतपानप्रसक्ताः (dyūtapānaprasaktāḥ) - those addicted to gambling and drinking
- च (ca) - and, also
- जघन्या (jaghanyā) - lowest (in terms of rājasic states) (lowest, vilest, last)
- राजसी (rājasī) - pertaining to rajas, passionate, active
- गतिः (gatiḥ) - state, course, destination, movement
Words meanings and morphology
झल्लाः (jhallāḥ) - Jhallās (a type of warrior/wrestler)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jhallā
jhallā - a particular class of strong men or wrestlers, a fighter
मल्लाः (mallāḥ) - wrestlers, boxers
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of malla
malla - wrestler, boxer, athlete, strong man
Root: mal
नटाः (naṭāḥ) - actors, dancers, mimes
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of naṭa
naṭa - actor, dancer, mime, dramatist
derived from root naṭ (to dance, act)
Root: naṭ (class 1)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only
(indeclinable)
पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - men, human beings
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa
puruṣa - man, human being, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
Root: pṝ (class 3)
शस्त्रवृत्तयः (śastravṛttayaḥ) - those whose profession is weapons, warriors, soldiers
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śastravṛtti
śastravṛtti - one whose profession is by arms/weapons, a soldier, warrior
Bahuvrihi compound: śastra (weapon) + vṛtti (livelihood/profession)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (śastra+vṛtti)
- śastra – weapon, arm, knife
noun (neuter)
Root: śās (class 2) - vṛtti – course of action, conduct, livelihood, profession
noun (feminine)
derived from root vṛt
Root: vṛt (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'puruṣāḥ'.
द्यूतपानप्रसक्ताः (dyūtapānaprasaktāḥ) - those addicted to gambling and drinking
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of dyūtapānaprasakta
dyūtapānaprasakta - addicted to gambling and drinking
Compound of dyūta (gambling), pāna (drinking), and prasakta (addicted).
Compound type : tatpurusha (dyūta+pāna+prasakta)
- dyūta – gambling, dice-playing
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
PPP from root div (to play)
Root: div (class 4) - pāna – drinking, a drink, intoxicating liquor
noun (neuter)
Gerundive/noun of action
derived from root pā (to drink)
Root: pā (class 1) - prasakta – attached to, devoted to, engrossed in, addicted
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
PPP from pra-sañj
Prefix: pra
Root: sañj (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'puruṣāḥ' (implicitly, or a new group of beings).
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
जघन्या (jaghanyā) - lowest (in terms of rājasic states) (lowest, vilest, last)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of jaghanya
jaghanya - lowest, last, vile, inferior
Note: Qualifies 'gatiḥ'.
राजसी (rājasī) - pertaining to rajas, passionate, active
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of rājasa
rājasa - pertaining to rajas, passionate, active, earthy
derived from rajas with suffix 'aṇ'
Note: Qualifies 'gatiḥ'.
गतिः (gatiḥ) - state, course, destination, movement
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of gati
gati - movement, course, path, state, destination, destiny
derived from root gam (to go)
Root: gam (class 1)