मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-108
अनाम्नातेषु धर्मेषु कथं स्यादिति चेद भवेत ।
यं शिष्टा ब्राह्मणा ब्रूयुः स धर्मः स्यादशङ्कितः ॥१०८॥
यं शिष्टा ब्राह्मणा ब्रूयुः स धर्मः स्यादशङ्कितः ॥१०८॥
108. anāmnāteṣu dharmeṣu kathaṁ syāditi ced bhavet ,
yaṁ śiṣṭā brāhmaṇā brūyuḥ sa dharmaḥ syādaśaṅkitaḥ.
yaṁ śiṣṭā brāhmaṇā brūyuḥ sa dharmaḥ syādaśaṅkitaḥ.
108.
anāmnāteṣu dharmeṣu katham syāt iti cet bhavet yam
śiṣṭāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ brūyuḥ saḥ dharmaḥ syāt aśaṅkitaḥ
śiṣṭāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ brūyuḥ saḥ dharmaḥ syāt aśaṅkitaḥ
108.
cet anāmnāteṣu dharmeṣu katham syāt iti bhavet yam
śiṣṭāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ brūyuḥ saḥ dharmaḥ aśaṅkitaḥ syāt
śiṣṭāḥ brāhmaṇāḥ brūyuḥ saḥ dharmaḥ aśaṅkitaḥ syāt
108.
If a question arises regarding how it should be in matters of `dharma` (natural law) not explicitly stated in the sacred tradition, then that which the disciplined Brahmins declare should be considered the unquestionable `dharma`.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अनाम्नातेषु (anāmnāteṣu) - in those not mentioned, not prescribed, not traditionally known
- धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in matters of dharma, in duties, in righteousness
- कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be (indicating what is proper) (should be, may be, would be)
- इति (iti) - introduces a quotation or a thought (thus, so, end of quotation)
- चेत् (cet) - if, if indeed
- भवेत् (bhavet) - if it happens that there is (a question/doubt) (may be, should be, happens)
- यम् (yam) - which, whom, that (accusative)
- शिष्टाः (śiṣṭāḥ) - disciplined, learned, eminent, good people
- ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, ritual specialists
- ब्रूयुः (brūyuḥ) - should say, may say, declare
- सः (saḥ) - that, he
- धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma (natural law, duty)
- स्यात् (syāt) - should be (indicating prescription) (should be, may be, would be)
- अशङ्कितः (aśaṅkitaḥ) - unquestionable, undoubted (unquestionable, undoubted, fearless)
Words meanings and morphology
अनाम्नातेषु (anāmnāteṣu) - in those not mentioned, not prescribed, not traditionally known
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, plural of anāmnāta
anāmnāta - not mentioned, not prescribed, not traditionally known
Past Passive Participle
Negated (a-) past passive participle of ā-√mnā (to mention, learn by heart)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+āmnāta)
- a – not, non
indeclinable - āmnāta – mentioned, taught, prescribed (in sacred texts)
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of ā-√mnā
Prefix: ā
Root: mnā (class 1)
Note: Adjectival modifier.
धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in matters of dharma, in duties, in righteousness
(noun)
Locative, masculine, plural of dharma
dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Locative case indicating the sphere of the question.
कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner
(indeclinable)
Interrogative adverb.
Note: Interrogative adverb.
स्यात् (syāt) - should be (indicating what is proper) (should be, may be, would be)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as
From root √as (to be)
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Verb for an implied subject.
इति (iti) - introduces a quotation or a thought (thus, so, end of quotation)
(indeclinable)
Note: Quotation particle.
चेत् (cet) - if, if indeed
(indeclinable)
Conditional particle.
Note: Conditional conjunction.
भवेत् (bhavet) - if it happens that there is (a question/doubt) (may be, should be, happens)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū
From root √bhū (to be)
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Verb in the conditional clause.
यम् (yam) - which, whom, that (accusative)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, who, that
Note: Relative pronoun, object of 'brūyuḥ'.
शिष्टाः (śiṣṭāḥ) - disciplined, learned, eminent, good people
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śiṣṭa
śiṣṭa - disciplined, learned, eminent, well-behaved, prescribed
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of root √śiṣ (to discipline, teach)
Root: śiṣ (class 7)
Note: Adjectival modifier.
ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, ritual specialists
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa
brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, relating to Brahman, member of the priestly class
Derived from brahman
Note: Subject of 'brūyuḥ'.
ब्रूयुः (brūyuḥ) - should say, may say, declare
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of brū
From root √brū (to speak)
Root: brū (class 2)
Note: Verb for 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.
सः (saḥ) - that, he
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yam'.
धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - dharma (natural law, duty)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma
dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support)
Root: dhṛ (class 1)
Note: Subject of 'syāt'.
स्यात् (syāt) - should be (indicating prescription) (should be, may be, would be)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as
From root √as (to be)
Root: as (class 2)
Note: Verb for 'dharmaḥ'.
अशङ्कितः (aśaṅkitaḥ) - unquestionable, undoubted (unquestionable, undoubted, fearless)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of aśaṅkita
aśaṅkita - unquestionable, undoubted, fearless, not suspected
Past Passive Participle (negated)
Negated (a-) past passive participle of root √śaṅk (to doubt)
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śaṅkita)
- a – not, non
indeclinable - śaṅkita – doubted, suspected, feared
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of root √śaṅk
Root: śaṅk (class 1)
Note: Predicate adjective for 'dharmaḥ'.