मनु-स्मृतिः
manu-smṛtiḥ
-
chapter-12, verse-6
पारुष्यमनृतं चैव पैशुन्यं चापि सर्वशः ।
असंबद्धप्रलापश्च वाङ्मयं स्याच्चतुर्विधम ॥६॥
असंबद्धप्रलापश्च वाङ्मयं स्याच्चतुर्विधम ॥६॥
6. pāruṣyamanṛtaṁ caiva paiśunyaṁ cāpi sarvaśaḥ ,
asaṁbaddhapralāpaśca vāṅmayaṁ syāccaturvidham.
asaṁbaddhapralāpaśca vāṅmayaṁ syāccaturvidham.
6.
pāruṣyam anṛtam ca eva paiśunyam ca api sarvaśaḥ
asambaddhapralāpaḥ ca vāṅmayam syāt caturvidham
asambaddhapralāpaḥ ca vāṅmayam syāt caturvidham
6.
Harshness, falsehood, and backbiting in every way, as well as irrelevant chatter, constitute the four kinds of verbal expression.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पारुष्यम् (pāruṣyam) - verbal harshness (harshness, roughness, cruelty)
- अनृतम् (anṛtam) - verbal untruth (untruht, falsehood, lie)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizes the preceding word. (indeed, only, just, exactly)
- पैशुन्यम् (paiśunyam) - verbal backbiting (backbiting, calumny, malicious tale-bearing)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)
- सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - in every way (in every way, entirely, altogether, universally)
- असम्बद्धप्रलापः (asambaddhapralāpaḥ) - irrelevant chatter (incoherent speech, irrelevant talk, babbling)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- वाङ्मयम् (vāṅmayam) - verbal expression (speech, verbal expression, consisting of words)
- स्यात् (syāt) - is, constitutes (may be, let it be, should be, is)
- चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - of four kinds (of four kinds, fourfold)
Words meanings and morphology
पारुष्यम् (pāruṣyam) - verbal harshness (harshness, roughness, cruelty)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of pāruṣya
pāruṣya - harshness, roughness, cruelty
Derived from paruṣa (harsh, rough) with ṣya suffix for abstract noun.
अनृतम् (anṛtam) - verbal untruth (untruht, falsehood, lie)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta
anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie
Negative compound of ṛta (truth).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative particle - ṛta – truth, cosmic order
noun (neuter)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - indeed, emphasizes the preceding word. (indeed, only, just, exactly)
(indeclinable)
Particle
पैशुन्यम् (paiśunyam) - verbal backbiting (backbiting, calumny, malicious tale-bearing)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of paiśunya
paiśunya - backbiting, calumny, malicious tale-bearing
Derived from piśuna (malicious, backbiting) with ya suffix.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)
(indeclinable)
Particle
सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - in every way (in every way, entirely, altogether, universally)
(indeclinable)
Derived from sarva with śas suffix (meaning "in every respect").
असम्बद्धप्रलापः (asambaddhapralāpaḥ) - irrelevant chatter (incoherent speech, irrelevant talk, babbling)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of asambaddhapralāpa
asambaddhapralāpa - incoherent speech, irrelevant talk, babbling
Tatpuruṣa compound: asambaddha (disconnected) + pralāpa (talk).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asambaddha+pralāpa)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative particle - sambaddha – connected, coherent
adjective
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of root 'bandh' with upasarga 'sam'
Prefix: sam
Root: bandh (class 1) - pralāpa – talk, chatter, lament
noun (masculine)
Derived from root 'lap' with upasarga 'pra'
Prefix: pra
Root: lap (class 1)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
वाङ्मयम् (vāṅmayam) - verbal expression (speech, verbal expression, consisting of words)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of vāṅmaya
vāṅmaya - speech, verbal expression, consisting of words
Derived from vāc (speech) with maya suffix (meaning "consisting of" or "pertaining to").
स्यात् (syāt) - is, constitutes (may be, let it be, should be, is)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as
From root 'as' (to be).
Root: as (class 2)
चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - of four kinds (of four kinds, fourfold)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of caturvidha
caturvidha - of four kinds, fourfold
Compound of catur (four) and vidha (kind, manner).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (catur+vidha)
- catur – four
numeral - vidha – kind, sort, manner
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with vāṅmayam.