महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-122, verse-54

मित्रार्थे तौ पराक्रान्तौ स्पर्धिनौ शुष्मिणौ रणे ।
कर्णश्चामरसंकाशो युयुधानश्च सात्यकिः ॥५४॥

54. mitrārthe tau parākrāntau spardhinau śuṣmiṇau raṇe ,
karṇaścāmarasaṁkāśo yuyudhānaśca sātyakiḥ.

54. mitrārthe tau parākrāntau spardhinau śuṣmiṇau raṇe
karṇaḥ ca amarasaṃkāśaḥ yuyudhānaḥ ca sātyakiḥ

54. mitrārthe tau karṇaḥ ca amarasaṃkāśaḥ ca yuyudhānaḥ
sātyakiḥ parākrāntau spardhinau śuṣmiṇau raṇe

54. For the sake of a friend, those two—Karṇa, who was like an immortal, and Yuyudhāna (also known as Sātyaki)—were valorous, competitive, and spirited in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend, for a friend's purpose

• तौ (tau) - those two

• पराक्रान्तौ (parākrāntau) - valorous, mighty, exerted

• स्पर्धिनौ (spardhinau) - rivals, competitors, emulous

• शुष्मिणौ (śuṣmiṇau) - energetic, powerful, spirited, valiant

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (son of Sūrya and Kuntī, a great warrior) (Karṇa)

• च (ca) - and

• अमरसंकाशः (amarasaṁkāśaḥ) - resembling an immortal, god-like

• युयुधानः (yuyudhānaḥ) - Yuyudhāna (Sātyaki, a great Yādava warrior) (Yuyudhāna (proper name))

• च (ca) - and

• सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki (another name for Yuyudhāna, a great Yādava warrior) (Sātyaki (proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

मित्रार्थे (mitrārthe) - for the sake of a friend, for a friend's purpose

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mitrārtha

mitrārtha - friend's purpose, for the sake of a friend

Compound type : caturthī-tatpuruṣa (mitra+artha)

• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, sake, meaning
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for the sake of'.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

पराक्रान्तौ (parākrāntau) - valorous, mighty, exerted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of parākrānta

parākrānta - valorous, mighty, powerful, having exerted oneself

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `kram` (to step, go) with prefix `parā` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: parā

Root: kram (class 1)

स्पर्धिनौ (spardhinau) - rivals, competitors, emulous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of spardhin

spardhin - competitive, emulous, rival, competitor

Derived from root `spardh` (to compete) with suffix `in`.

Root: spardh (class 1)

शुष्मिणौ (śuṣmiṇau) - energetic, powerful, spirited, valiant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śuṣmin

śuṣmin - strong, powerful, spirited, courageous

Derived from `śuṣman` (strength, vigor) with suffix `in`.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, fight, conflict, war

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (son of Sūrya and Kuntī, a great warrior) (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name); ear

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अमरसंकाशः (amarasaṁkāśaḥ) - resembling an immortal, god-like

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarasaṃkāśa

amarasaṁkāśa - resembling a god, god-like, immortal-like

Compound type : upamāna-pūrvapada-karmadhāraya (amara+saṃkāśa)

• amara – immortal, god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkāśa – resembling, like, similar to, appearing as
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root `kāś` (to appear, shine) with prefix `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

युयुधानः (yuyudhānaḥ) - Yuyudhāna (Sātyaki, a great Yādava warrior) (Yuyudhāna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuyudhāna

yuyudhāna - Yuyudhāna (proper name, particularly Sātyaki)

Intensive/Frequentative form

Derived from root `yudh` (to fight) with intensive reduplication.

Root: yudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सात्यकिः (sātyakiḥ) - Sātyaki (another name for Yuyudhāna, a great Yādava warrior) (Sātyaki (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (proper name, a Yādava warrior and charioteer, also called Yuyudhāna)

Patronymic derived from Satyaka.