महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-122, verse-52

गतप्रत्यागतावृत्तैर्मण्डलैः संनिवर्तनैः ।
सारथेस्तु रथस्थस्य काश्यपेयस्य विस्मिताः ॥५२॥

52. gatapratyāgatāvṛttairmaṇḍalaiḥ saṁnivartanaiḥ ,
sārathestu rathasthasya kāśyapeyasya vismitāḥ.

52. gatapratyāgatāvṛttaiḥ maṇḍalaiḥ saṃnivartanaiḥ
sāratheḥ tu rathasthasya kāśyapeyasya vismitāḥ

52. tu sāratheḥ rathasthasya kāśyapeyasya
gatapratyāgatāvṛttaiḥ maṇḍalaiḥ saṃnivartanaiḥ vismitāḥ

52. They were astonished by the charioteer Kaśyapeya, who, while seated in his chariot, performed repeated advancing and retreating movements, circular turns, and various other maneuvers.

Words meanings summery:

• गतप्रत्यागतावृत्तैः (gatapratyāgatāvṛttaiḥ) - by repeated going and returning, by movements of advancing and retreating

• मण्डलैः (maṇḍalaiḥ) - by circles, by circular movements/formations

• संनिवर्तनैः (saṁnivartanaiḥ) - by turning movements, by circling maneuvers, by maneuvers of returning/revolving

• सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of the charioteer

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• रथस्थस्य (rathasthasya) - of him who stands/sits in the chariot, of the chariot-dweller

• काश्यपेयस्य (kāśyapeyasya) - of the charioteer Kaśyapeya (referring to a highly skilled charioteer, possibly Dāruka or an epithet for Kṛṣṇa) (of Kaśyapeya (descendant of Kaśyapa))

• विस्मिताः (vismitāḥ) - astonished, amazed, surprised

Words meanings and morphology

गतप्रत्यागतावृत्तैः (gatapratyāgatāvṛttaiḥ) - by repeated going and returning, by movements of advancing and retreating

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of gatapratyāgatāvṛtta

gatapratyāgatāvṛtta - movements of going and returning, turning around repeatedly

Compound type : karmadhāraya/tatpuruṣa (gata+pratyāgata+āvṛtta)

• gata – gone, departed, moved
  past passive participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: gam (class 1)
• pratyāgata – returned, come back
  past passive participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefixes: prati+ā
  Root: gam (class 1)
• āvṛtta – turned, revolved, repeated, recurred
  past passive participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

मण्डलैः (maṇḍalaiḥ) - by circles, by circular movements/formations

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of maṇḍala

maṇḍala - circle, disc, orb, circular array or movement

संनिवर्तनैः (saṁnivartanaiḥ) - by turning movements, by circling maneuvers, by maneuvers of returning/revolving

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of saṃnivartana

saṁnivartana - turning back, revolving, causing to return

Derived from root `vṛt` (to turn) with prefixes `sam` and `ni` and suffix `lyuṭ` (act of).

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सारथेः (sāratheḥ) - of the charioteer

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

रथस्थस्य (rathasthasya) - of him who stands/sits in the chariot, of the chariot-dweller

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing in a chariot, seated on a chariot

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

काश्यपेयस्य (kāśyapeyasya) - of the charioteer Kaśyapeya (referring to a highly skilled charioteer, possibly Dāruka or an epithet for Kṛṣṇa) (of Kaśyapeya (descendant of Kaśyapa))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāśyapeya

kāśyapeya - descendant of Kaśyapa (e.g., Garuḍa, Aruna, or a sage); an epithet for skilled charioteers

Patronymic derived from the sage Kaśyapa.

विस्मिताः (vismitāḥ) - astonished, amazed, surprised

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vismita

vismita - astonished, amazed, surprised, wonderstruck

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `smi` (to wonder) with prefix `vi` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'sarve' (everyone) from the previous verse.