महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-122, verse-42

सात्यकिं विरथं दृष्ट्वा कर्णं चाभ्युद्यतायुधम् ।
दध्मौ शङ्खं महावेगमार्षभेणाथ माधवः ॥४२॥

42. sātyakiṁ virathaṁ dṛṣṭvā karṇaṁ cābhyudyatāyudham ,
dadhmau śaṅkhaṁ mahāvegamārṣabheṇātha mādhavaḥ.

42. sātyakim viratham dṛṣṭvā karṇam ca abhyudyata-āyudham
dadhmau śaṅkham mahāvegam ārṣabheṇa atha mādhavaḥ

42. atha mādhavaḥ sātyakim viratham ca karṇam abhyudyatāyudham
dṛṣṭvā śaṅkham mahāvegam ārṣabheṇa dadhmau

42. Then, Madhava (Krishna), having seen Satyaki dismounted from his chariot and Karna with his weapon raised, blew his conch shell with a mighty, bull-like sound.

Words meanings summery:

• सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Satyaki (name of a warrior, an ally of the Pandavas) (Satyaki)

• विरथम् (viratham) - dismounted from his chariot, without a chariot

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (name of a warrior) (Karna)

• च (ca) - and

• अभ्युद्यतायुधम् (abhyudyatāyudham) - with uplifted weapon

• दध्मौ (dadhmau) - blew

• शङ्खम् (śaṅkham) - conch shell

• महावेगम् (mahāvegam) - with great speed/force/impetus/loudness

• आर्षभेण (ārṣabheṇa) - with a bull-like sound, deep and powerful

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Krishna (Madhava)

Words meanings and morphology

सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Satyaki (name of a warrior, an ally of the Pandavas) (Satyaki)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Satyaki (a Yadava warrior, Krishna's charioteer, pupil of Arjuna)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

विरथम् (viratham) - dismounted from his chariot, without a chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot, dismounted from a chariot

compound of vi (without) and ratha (chariot)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  prefix
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

from dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (name of a warrior) (Karna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a great warrior in the Mahabharata)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Satyaki and Karna.

अभ्युद्यतायुधम् (abhyudyatāyudham) - with uplifted weapon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhyudyatāyudha

abhyudyatāyudha - having a weapon raised, with uplifted weapon

compound of abhi-ud-yat (to raise, lift) and āyudha (weapon); bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (abhyudyata+āyudha)

• abhyudyata – uplifted, raised
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from abhi-ud-yam/yat (to raise, lift)
  Prefixes: abhi+ud
  Root: yam/yat (class 1)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yudh

Note: Modifies Karna.

दध्मौ (dadhmau) - blew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dhmā

Perfect active 3rd singular

Root: dhmā (class 1)

शङ्खम् (śaṅkham) - conch shell

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - conch shell, a kind of shell

Note: Object of dadhmau.

महावेगम् (mahāvegam) - with great speed/force/impetus/loudness

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāvega

mahāvega - great impetus, great speed, powerful

compound of mahat (great) and vega (speed, force)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+vega)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• vega – speed, velocity, force, impetus
  noun (masculine)
  from vij (to move rapidly)
  Root: vij (class 6)

आर्षभेण (ārṣabheṇa) - with a bull-like sound, deep and powerful

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ārṣabha

ārṣabha - belonging to a bull, bull-like, powerful, deep (of sound)

from ṛṣabha (bull) + aṇ suffix

Note: Indicates the manner or quality of the sound of blowing.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Krishna (Madhava)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - Madhava, a name of Krishna or Vishnu (descendant of Madhu, lord of Lakshmi)