महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-122, verse-10

विह्वलं तमभिज्ञाय भर्तारं शरपीडितम् ।
हतोऽयमिति च ज्ञात्वा सारथिस्तमपावहत् ॥१०॥

10. vihvalaṁ tamabhijñāya bhartāraṁ śarapīḍitam ,
hato'yamiti ca jñātvā sārathistamapāvahat.

10. vihvalam tam abhijñāya bhartāram śarapīḍitam
hataḥ ayam iti ca jñātvā sārathiḥ tam apāvahat

10. sārathiḥ vihvalam śarapīḍitam tam bhartāram abhijñāya,
ayam hataḥ iti ca jñātvā,
tam apāvahat

10. Having recognized his agitated master, who was wounded by arrows, and having assumed "he is slain," the charioteer drove him away.

Words meanings summery:

• विह्वलम् (vihvalam) - referring to Śāradvata's state of distress (agitated, distraught, bewildered)

• तम् (tam) - referring to Śāradvata (him, that)

• अभिज्ञाय (abhijñāya) - having recognized, having known

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - the charioteer's master, Śāradvata (master, lord, supporter)

• शरपीडितम् (śarapīḍitam) - wounded by arrows, afflicted by arrows

• हतः (hataḥ) - perceived by the charioteer that the master was killed (slain, killed, struck)

• अयम् (ayam) - referring to Śāradvata, in the charioteer's thought (this one, he)

• इति (iti) - introduces or marks a quote or thought (thus, so)

• च (ca) - and

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

• तम् (tam) - referring to Śāradvata (him, that)

• अपावहत् (apāvahat) - the charioteer drove Śāradvata away from the battlefield (he drove away, he carried away)

Words meanings and morphology

विह्वलम् (vihvalam) - referring to Śāradvata's state of distress (agitated, distraught, bewildered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vihvala

vihvala - agitated, distraught, overcome, bewildered

Note: Agrees with 'tam' and 'bhartāram'.

तम् (tam) - referring to Śāradvata (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

अभिज्ञाय (abhijñāya) - having recognized, having known

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √jñā (to know) with prefix abhi-, and absolutve suffix -lyap.

Prefix: abhi

Root: √jñā (class 9)

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - the charioteer's master, Śāradvata (master, lord, supporter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - master, lord, husband, supporter, maintainer

Agent noun from root √bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: √bhṛ (class 3)

शरपीडितम् (śarapīḍitam) - wounded by arrows, afflicted by arrows

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śarapīḍita

śarapīḍita - wounded by arrows, struck by arrows, afflicted by arrows

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from 'śara' (arrow) and 'pīḍita' (tormented, afflicted), which is the past passive participle of √pīḍ.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+pīḍita)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pīḍita – tormented, afflicted, wounded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √pīḍ (to oppress, torment)
  Root: √pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'bhartāram'.

हतः (hataḥ) - perceived by the charioteer that the master was killed (slain, killed, struck)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck, hurt, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √han (to strike, kill)

Root: √han (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - referring to Śāradvata, in the charioteer's thought (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it

इति (iti) - introduces or marks a quote or thought (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root √jñā (to know) with absolutve suffix -ktvā.

Root: √jñā (class 9)

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

तम् (tam) - referring to Śāradvata (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

अपावहत् (apāvahat) - the charioteer drove Śāradvata away from the battlefield (he drove away, he carried away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √vah

Prefix: apa

Root: √vah (class 1)