महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-122, verse-24

यत्तत्पूर्वमुपाकुर्वन्नस्त्रं मामब्रवीत्कृपः ।
न कथंचन कौरव्य प्रहर्तव्यं गुराविति ॥२४॥

24. yattatpūrvamupākurvannastraṁ māmabravītkṛpaḥ ,
na kathaṁcana kauravya prahartavyaṁ gurāviti.

24. yat tat pūrvam upākurvan astram mām abravīt kṛpaḥ
na kathaṃcana kauravya prahartavyam gurau iti

24. tat astram upākurvan yat pūrvam kṛpaḥ mām abravīt – “kauravya,
gurau na kathaṃcana prahartavyam” iti

24. Previously, while instructing me in the use of missiles (astra), Kṛpa himself told me, 'O descendant of Kuru, a preceptor (guru) must never be assailed under any circumstances.'

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, that which

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• उपाकुर्वन् (upākurvan) - while instructing (in the use of weapons) (performing, stating, instructing)

• अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

• माम् (mām) - me

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa

• न (na) - not

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, under any circumstances

• कौरव्य (kauravya) - Addressing Arjuna as a descendant of Kuru (O descendant of Kuru)

• प्रहर्तव्यम् (prahartavyam) - to be struck, to be assailed

• गुरौ (gurau) - on the preceptor, on the guru

• इति (iti) - marks the end of the quotation (thus, so, in this way)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that which

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

उपाकुर्वन् (upākurvan) - while instructing (in the use of weapons) (performing, stating, instructing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upākurvat

upākurvat - performing, stating, instructing

Present Active Participle

From verb upa-kṛ (to perform, to serve, to arrange, to prepare) or upa-ā-kṛ (to speak, to say, to announce). Here, 'instructing' fits well.

Prefix: upa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अस्त्रम् (astram) - weapon, missile

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astra

astra - weapon, missile, projectile (astra)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abravīt

Root: brū (class 2)

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (name of a preceptor)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, under any circumstances

(indeclinable)

कौरव्य (kauravya) - Addressing Arjuna as a descendant of Kuru (O descendant of Kuru)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kauravya

kauravya - descendant of Kuru

प्रहर्तव्यम् (prahartavyam) - to be struck, to be assailed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prahartavya

prahartavya - to be struck, to be assailed, to be attacked

Gerundive

From verb pra-hṛ

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

गुरौ (gurau) - on the preceptor, on the guru

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - preceptor, teacher, weighty, heavy (guru)

इति (iti) - marks the end of the quotation (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)