महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-122, verse-5

स तथा शरवर्षाभ्यां सुमहद्भ्यां महाभुजः ।
पीड्यमानः परामार्तिमगमद्रथिनां वरः ॥५॥

5. sa tathā śaravarṣābhyāṁ sumahadbhyāṁ mahābhujaḥ ,
pīḍyamānaḥ parāmārtimagamadrathināṁ varaḥ.

5. saḥ tathā śaravarṣābhyām sumahadbhyām mahābhujaḥ
pīḍyamānaḥ parām ārtim agamat rathinām varaḥ

5. saḥ mahābhujaḥ rathinām varaḥ tathā sumahadbhyām
śaravarṣābhyām pīḍyamānaḥ parām ārtim agamat

5. Thus, the mighty-armed (Arjuna), the best among charioteers, being greatly afflicted by those two very heavy showers of arrows, experienced extreme distress.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that (person))

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• शरवर्षाभ्याम् (śaravarṣābhyām) - by those two showers of arrows (by two showers of arrows, from two showers of arrows)

• सुमहद्भ्याम् (sumahadbhyām) - by two very great (showers of arrows) (by two very great, by two very mighty)

• महाभुजः (mahābhujaḥ) - the mighty-armed one (Arjuna) (the mighty-armed one)

• पीड्यमानः (pīḍyamānaḥ) - being afflicted (being afflicted, being oppressed, being tormented)

• पराम् (parām) - extreme (highest, extreme, supreme)

• आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress (distress, pain, suffering, misfortune)

• अगमत् (agamat) - he experienced (he went, he attained, he reached, he experienced)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers (of charioteers, among charioteers)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best (of charioteers) (best, excellent, superior)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that (person))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

शरवर्षाभ्याम् (śaravarṣābhyām) - by those two showers of arrows (by two showers of arrows, from two showers of arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of śaravarṣa

śaravarṣa - shower of arrows, rain of arrows

Tatpuruṣa compound: śara (arrow) + varṣa (rain/shower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śara+varṣa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower, year
  noun (neuter)
  From √vṛṣ (to rain)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: The means by which Arjuna was afflicted.

सुमहद्भ्याम् (sumahadbhyām) - by two very great (showers of arrows) (by two very great, by two very mighty)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, dual of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very mighty, immense

Compound: su- (good, intense) + mahat (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very, intensely
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mahat – great, mighty, large
  adjective
  Root: mah (class 1)

महाभुजः (mahābhujaḥ) - the mighty-armed one (Arjuna) (the mighty-armed one)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhuja

mahābhuja - mighty-armed, strong-armed

Bahuvrīhi compound: mahā (great) + bhuja (arm).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhuja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bhuja – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies saḥ.

पीड्यमानः (pīḍyamānaḥ) - being afflicted (being afflicted, being oppressed, being tormented)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍyamāna

pīḍyamāna - being tormented, being distressed

Present passive participle

From root √pīḍ (to oppress, torment) + -yamāna (passive present participle suffix).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Describes the state of Arjuna.

पराम् (parām) - extreme (highest, extreme, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parā

para - other, subsequent, supreme, extreme

आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress (distress, pain, suffering, misfortune)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - distress, pain, suffering, misfortune

From root √ṛ (to go) + ti suffix.

Root: ṛ

अगमत् (agamat) - he experienced (he went, he attained, he reached, he experienced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect active, third person singular

Root √gam (class 1).

Root: gam (class 1)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - among charioteers (of charioteers, among charioteers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From ratha (chariot) + -in (possessive suffix).

Note: Used with varaḥ to mean 'best of'.

वरः (varaḥ) - the best (of charioteers) (best, excellent, superior)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, choice

From √vṛ (to choose, to cover).

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: In apposition to saḥ and mahābhujaḥ.