महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-122, verse-22

ये तु विद्यामुपादाय गुरुभ्यः पुरुषाधमाः ।
घ्नन्ति तानेव दुर्वृत्तास्ते वै निरयगामिनः ॥२२॥

22. ye tu vidyāmupādāya gurubhyaḥ puruṣādhamāḥ ,
ghnanti tāneva durvṛttāste vai nirayagāminaḥ.

22. ye tu vidyām upādāya gurubhyaḥ puruṣādhamāḥ
ghnanti tān eva durvṛttāḥ te vai nirayagāminaḥ

22. tu ye puruṣādhamāḥ durvṛttāḥ gurubhyaḥ vidyām upādāya tān eva ghnanti,
te vai nirayagāminaḥ

22. But those wicked men, the vilest of persons, who, having acquired knowledge (vidyā) from their teachers (gurus), only harm those very teachers, they indeed go to hell.

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

• उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken, having acquired, having received

• गुरुभ्यः (gurubhyaḥ) - from their spiritual teachers (guru) (from teachers, from gurus)

• पुरुषाधमाः (puruṣādhamāḥ) - vilest of men, wretched persons

• घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - they kill, destroy, harm

• तान् (tān) - those very teachers (gurus) (them, those)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• दुर्वृत्ताः (durvṛttāḥ) - ill-behaved, wicked, immoral

• ते (te) - they, those

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - going to hell, destined for hell

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun, masculine nominative plural.

Note: Subject for 'ghnanti'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

विद्याम् (vidyām) - knowledge, learning

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom (vidyā)

From root √vid (to know).

Root: √vid (class 2)

उपादाय (upādāya) - having taken, having acquired, having received

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix upā- (upa + ā) and root √dā (to give, take).

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: √dā (class 3)

गुरुभ्यः (gurubhyaḥ) - from their spiritual teachers (guru) (from teachers, from gurus)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, spiritual guide (guru), heavy, important

Note: Source of knowledge.

पुरुषाधमाः (puruṣādhamāḥ) - vilest of men, wretched persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣādhama

puruṣādhama - vilest of men, low man, wretched person

Tatpurusha compound: puruṣa (person) + adhama (lowest, vilest).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+adhama)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• adhama – lowest, vilest, meanest, worst
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicate for 'ye' and 'te'.

घ्नन्ति (ghnanti) - they kill, destroy, harm

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √han

Present Active

From root √han (to strike, kill).

Root: √han (class 2)

तान् (tān) - those very teachers (gurus) (them, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, him, her, it

Demonstrative/correlative pronoun, masculine accusative plural.

Note: Object of 'ghnanti'.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

दुर्वृत्ताः (durvṛttāḥ) - ill-behaved, wicked, immoral

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durvṛtta

durvṛtta - ill-behaved, wicked, vicious, immoral

Compound: dur- (bad) + vṛtta (conduct).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+vṛtta)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix/indeclinable
• vṛtta – conduct, course, behavior, happened
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (when adjective)
  From root √vṛt
  Root: √vṛt (class 1)

Note: Acts as an epithet for 'ye' and 'te'.

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Demonstrative/correlative pronoun, masculine nominative plural.

Note: Subject of 'nirayagāminaḥ' (implicitly 'are').

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

निरयगामिनः (nirayagāminaḥ) - going to hell, destined for hell

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirayagāmin

nirayagāmin - going to hell, hell-bound, destined for a lower world

Compound: niraya (hell) + gāmin (going, going to). gāmin is an agent noun from √gam.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (niraya+gāmin)

• niraya – hell, Hades, a lower world
  noun (masculine)
• gāmin – going, walking, moving; one who goes
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root √gam
  Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate for 'te'.