वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-59, verse-9

ततो ऽतिकायं काकुत्स्थो रथस्थं पर्वतोपमम् ।
ददर्श धन्विनं दूराद्गर्जन्तं कालमेघवत् ॥९॥

9. tato'tikāyaṃ kākutstho rathasthaṃ parvatopamam ,
dadarśa dhanvinaṃ dūrādgarjantaṃ kālameghavat.

9. tataḥ atikāyam kākutsthaḥ rathastham parvatopamam
dadarśa dhanvinam dūrāt garjantam kālameghavat

9. tataḥ kākutsthaḥ dūrāt rathastham parvatopamam
dhanvinam kālameghavat garjantam atikāyam dadarśa

9. Then Rāma (Kākutstha), from afar, saw Atikāya on his chariot, resembling a mountain, an archer, and roaring like a dark cloud.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, after that

• अतिकायम् (atikāyam) - the demon Atikāya (Atikāya (proper name), one with an excessive body)

• काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rāma (an epithet for Rāma) (descendant of Kakutstha)

• रथस्थम् (rathastham) - standing on a chariot, chariot-borne

• पर्वतोपमम् (parvatopamam) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• धन्विनम् (dhanvinam) - archer, armed with a bow

• दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar, at a distance

• गर्जन्तम् (garjantam) - roaring, thundering

• कालमेघवत् (kālameghavat) - like a dark cloud, like a thundercloud

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, after that

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks sequence of events.

अतिकायम् (atikāyam) - the demon Atikāya (Atikāya (proper name), one with an excessive body)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atikāya

atikāya - Atikāya (proper name), one with an excessive body

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ati+kāya)

• ati – excessive, beyond
  indeclinable
• kāya – body
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

काकुत्स्थः (kākutsthaḥ) - Rāma (an epithet for Rāma) (descendant of Kakutstha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (an epithet for Rāma)

Note: Subject of 'dadarśa'.

रथस्थम् (rathastham) - standing on a chariot, chariot-borne

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing on a chariot, chariot-borne

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'atikāyam'.

पर्वतोपमम् (parvatopamam) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvatopama

parvatopama - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

Compound type : tatpurusha (parvata+upama)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• upama – likeness, comparison, similar
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'atikāyam'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular perfect active of root dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

धन्विनम् (dhanvinam) - archer, armed with a bow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanvin

dhanvin - archer, armed with a bow

Derived from 'dhanu' (bow)

Note: Qualifies 'atikāyam'.

दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar, at a distance

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

गर्जन्तम् (garjantam) - roaring, thundering

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of garjat

garjat - roaring, thundering

Present Active Participle

From root 'garj' (to roar)

Root: garj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'atikāyam'.

कालमेघवत् (kālameghavat) - like a dark cloud, like a thundercloud

(indeclinable)

Suffix -vat indicating likeness

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+megha)

• kāla – dark, black, time
  adjective (masculine)
• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial, describes 'garjantam'.

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