वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-59, verse-96

न शशाक रुजं कर्तुं युधि तस्य नरोत्तमः ।
अथैनमभ्युपागम्य वायुर्वाक्यमुवाच ह ॥९६॥

96. na śaśāka rujaṃ kartuṃ yudhi tasya narottamaḥ ,
athainamabhyupāgamya vāyurvākyamuvāca ha.

96. na śaśāka rujam kartum yudhi tasya narottamaḥ
atha enam abhyupāgamya vāyuḥ vākyam uvāca ha

96. narottamaḥ tasya rujam yudhi kartum na śaśāka
atha vāyuḥ enam abhyupāgamya vākyam uvāca ha

96. The best of men (Lakṣmaṇa) was unable to inflict any wound upon him (Atikaya) in battle. Then Vayu, the wind god, approached him and spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• शशाक (śaśāka) - was able, could

• रुजम् (rujam) - pain, sickness, wound

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to inflict (a wound) (to do, to make, to cause)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Atikaya) (his, of him)

• नरोत्तमः (narottamaḥ) - the best of men (Lakṣmaṇa) (best among men, excellent man)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• एनम् (enam) - him (Lakṣmaṇa) (him, this)

• अभ्युपागम्य (abhyupāgamya) - having approached, having come near

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - Vayu, the wind god (wind, Vayu (the wind god))

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (word, speech, sentence)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• ह (ha) - indeed, surely

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb śaśāka.

शशाक (śaśāka) - was able, could

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of śak

perfect (parasmaipada)

root śak (5P, 9P) - perfect form

Root: śak (class 5)

रुजम् (rujam) - pain, sickness, wound

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ruj

ruj - pain, sickness, breaking

Note: Object of the infinitive 'kartum'.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to inflict (a wound) (to do, to make, to cause)

(verb)

active, infinitive of kṛ

infinitive

root kṛ (8U) + tumun (infinitive suffix)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with śaśāka to express capability.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, war, fight

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Atikaya) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Atikaya.

नरोत्तमः (narottamaḥ) - the best of men (Lakṣmaṇa) (best among men, excellent man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narottama

narottama - best among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+uttama)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (Lakṣmaṇa) (him, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of enad

enad - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Lakṣmaṇa (the 'narottama').

अभ्युपागम्य (abhyupāgamya) - having approached, having come near

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

root gam (1P) + upasargas abhi, upa + lyap (absolutive suffix for prefixed verbs)

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes Vayu's action before speaking.

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - Vayu, the wind god (wind, Vayu (the wind god))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, the god of wind

Note: Subject of the second clause.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (word, speech, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, word

Note: Object of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect (parasmaipada)

root vac (2P) - perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)