वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-59, verse-70

तमादाय धनुः श्रेष्ठे योजयामास लक्ष्मणः ।
विचकर्ष च वेगेन विससर्ज च सायकम् ॥७०॥

70. tamādāya dhanuḥ śreṣṭhe yojayāmāsa lakṣmaṇaḥ ,
vicakarṣa ca vegena visasarja ca sāyakam.

70. tam ādāya dhanuḥ śreṣṭhe yojayāmāsa Lakṣmaṇaḥ
vicakarṣa ca vegena visasrja ca sāyakam

70. Lakṣmaṇaḥ tam ādāya dhanuḥ śreṣṭhe yojayāmāsa
ca vegena vicakarṣa ca sāyakam visasrja

70. Lakshmana, having taken that (arrow), fixed it upon his excellent bow, and swiftly drew (the bowstring), and then released the arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (arrow) (that, him)

• आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (having taken, having grasped)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow (bow, arc)

• श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - excellent (bow) (excellent, best)

• योजयामास (yojayāmāsa) - fixed it (on the bow) (he fixed, he placed, he yoked)

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

• विचकर्ष (vicakarṣa) - he drew (the bowstring) (he drew, he stretched, he pulled)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वेगेन (vegena) - swiftly (with speed, swiftly, rapidly)

• विसस्र्ज (visasrja) - released (he released, he discharged, he abandoned)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सायकम् (sāyakam) - the arrow (arrow, dart)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (arrow) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sharpened arrow taken up in the previous verse.

आदाय (ādāya) - having taken (having taken, having grasped)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

formed from root dā with upasarga ā and suffix -ya (after a prefix)

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Connects the action of taking to 'yojayāmāsa'.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow (bow, arc)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Note: The object upon which the arrow is fixed.

श्रेष्ठे (śreṣṭhe) - excellent (bow) (excellent, best)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, most distinguished

Superlative degree from śrī

Note: Qualifies 'dhanuḥ', indicating the location 'on the best bow'.

योजयामास (yojayāmāsa) - fixed it (on the bow) (he fixed, he placed, he yoked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yojaya

Perfect Tense (Causative)

Causative stem from root yuj, then perfect form

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: The action of placing the arrow.

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Lakṣmaṇa

Lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (Rama's younger brother)

Note: Subject of the actions.

विचकर्ष (vicakarṣa) - he drew (the bowstring) (he drew, he stretched, he pulled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vicakṣ

Perfect Tense

root kṛṣ with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of drawing the bow.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'yojayāmāsa' and 'vicakarṣa'.

वेगेन (vegena) - swiftly (with speed, swiftly, rapidly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force

Note: Denotes the manner of drawing and releasing.

विसस्र्ज (visasrja) - released (he released, he discharged, he abandoned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of visasṛj

Perfect Tense

root sṛj with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: The action of releasing the arrow.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'vicakarṣa' and 'visasarja'.

सायकम् (sāyakam) - the arrow (arrow, dart)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

Note: Object of 'visasarja'.