वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-59, verse-43

स राषसेन्द्रो हरिसैन्यमध्ये नायुध्यमानं निजघान कं चित् ।
उपेत्य रामं सधनुः कलापी सगर्वितं वाक्यमिदं बभाषे ॥४३॥

43. sa rāṣasendro harisainyamadhye nāyudhyamānaṃ nijaghāna kaṃ cit ,
upetya rāmaṃ sadhanuḥ kalāpī sagarvitaṃ vākyamidaṃ babhāṣe.

43. saḥ rākṣasendraḥ harisainyamadhye
na āyudhyamānam kam cit
nijaghāna rāmam upetya sadhanuḥ kalāpī
sagarvitam vākyam idam babhāṣe

43. That king of rākṣasas, in the midst of the monkey army, did not kill anyone who was not fighting. Having approached Rāma, he, equipped with a bow and quiver, spoke these arrogant words with great pride.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• राक्षसेन्द्रः (rākṣasendraḥ) - Atikāya, the king of rākṣasas (king of rākṣasas, chief of demons)

• हरिसैन्यमध्ये (harisainyamadhye) - in the midst of the monkey army

• न (na) - not, no

• आयुध्यमानम् (āyudhyamānam) - one who is fighting (as opposed to a non-combatant) (fighting, engaging in battle)

• कम् (kam) - whom, anyone

• चित् (cit) - (particle for indefiniteness)

• निजघान (nijaghāna) - he killed, he struck down

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

• उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached

• सधनुः (sadhanuḥ) - with a bow, accompanied by a bow

• कलापी (kalāpī) - having a quiver

• सगर्वितम् (sagarvitam) - proudly, arrogantly

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• इदम् (idam) - this

• बभाषे (babhāṣe) - he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राक्षसेन्द्रः (rākṣasendraḥ) - Atikāya, the king of rākṣasas (king of rākṣasas, chief of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasendra

rākṣasendra - lord of rākṣasas, king of demons

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+indra)

• rākṣasa – a rākṣasa, a demon
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra (the deity)
  noun (masculine)

हरिसैन्यमध्ये (harisainyamadhye) - in the midst of the monkey army

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (hari+sainya+madhya)

• hari – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• sainya – army
  noun (neuter)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)

Note: The locative singular of `madhya` is used here adverbially.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आयुध्यमानम् (āyudhyamānam) - one who is fighting (as opposed to a non-combatant) (fighting, engaging in battle)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyudhyamāna

āyudhyamāna - fighting, engaging in battle

present active participle

Derived from root yudh (to fight) with prefix ā, in the middle voice sense.

Prefix: ā

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'kam cit' meaning 'anyone who is fighting'.

कम् (kam) - whom, anyone

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used with 'cit' for indefiniteness.

चित् (cit) - (particle for indefiniteness)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with pronouns like 'kim' to form indefinite pronouns.

निजघान (nijaghāna) - he killed, he struck down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

perfect tense

Form of √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni, in perfect tense, 3rd person singular active.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name)

उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root i (to go) with prefix upa, forming an absolutive.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

सधनुः (sadhanuḥ) - with a bow, accompanied by a bow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadhanus

sadhanus - having a bow, with a bow

Compound with 'sa' (with).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+dhanus)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Atikāya).

कलापी (kalāpī) - having a quiver

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kalāpin

kalāpin - having a quiver, wearing an ornamental crest/tuft (kalāpa)

From kalāpa (quiver, crest) + -in suffix.

Note: Qualifies the implied subject (Atikāya).

सगर्वितम् (sagarvitam) - proudly, arrogantly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sagarvita

sagarvita - proud, arrogant, with pride

Compound with 'sa' (with) and 'garvita' (proud, P.P.P. from √garv).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+garvita)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• garvita – proud, arrogant
  adjective (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root garv (to be proud).
  Root: garv (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

Note: Object of 'babhāṣe'.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Qualifies 'vākyam'.

बभाषे (babhāṣe) - he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of bhāṣ

perfect tense

Form of √bhāṣ (to speak) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular middle.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)