वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-59, verse-37

तं भीमवपुषं दृष्ट्वा रथस्थं रथिनां वरम् ।
अभिपेतुर्महात्मानो ये प्रधानाः प्लवंगमाः ॥३७॥

37. taṃ bhīmavapuṣaṃ dṛṣṭvā rathasthaṃ rathināṃ varam ,
abhipeturmahātmāno ye pradhānāḥ plavaṃgamāḥ.

37. tam bhīmavapuṣam dṛṣṭvā rathastham rathinām varam
abhipetuḥ mahātmānaḥ ye pradhānāḥ plavaṅgamāḥ

37. bhīmavapuṣam rathastham rathinām varam tam dṛṣṭvā
ye pradhānāḥ plavaṅgamāḥ mahātmānaḥ abhipetuḥ

37. Having seen him, of terrible form, situated in his chariot, the foremost of charioteers, the great-souled monkeys who were the leaders rushed towards him.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• भीमवपुषम् (bhīmavapuṣam) - of terrible form/body, having a formidable body

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• रथस्थम् (rathastham) - standing in a chariot, charioted

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

• वरम् (varam) - best, excellent, choicest

• अभिपेतुः (abhipetuḥ) - they rushed towards, they attacked

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great-souled, noble, magnanimous ones

• ये (ye) - who, which

• प्रधानाः (pradhānāḥ) - principal, chief, foremost

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Object of the gerund 'dṛṣṭvā'. Refers to Atikāya.

भीमवपुषम् (bhīmavapuṣam) - of terrible form/body, having a formidable body

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmavapus

bhīmavapus - of terrible form, formidable body

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+vapus)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable, dreadful
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• vapus – body, form, figure
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Gerund/absolutive formed from verb root 'dṛś'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb 'abhipetuḥ'.

रथस्थम् (rathastham) - standing in a chariot, charioted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing in a chariot, charioted

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand) with suffix 'a'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tam'.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) with possessive suffix 'in'.

Note: Relates to 'varam', meaning 'best among charioteers'.

वरम् (varam) - best, excellent, choicest

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, choice

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tam'.

अभिपेतुः (abhipetuḥ) - they rushed towards, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of abhipat

Prefix: abhi

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great-souled, noble, magnanimous ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, great (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self (ātman), soul, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abhipetuḥ'.

ये (ye) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'mahātmānaḥ plavaṅgamāḥ'.

प्रधानाः (pradhānāḥ) - principal, chief, foremost

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, excellent, primary (prakṛti)

Note: Adjective describing the monkeys.

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey (lit. 'that which goes by leaping')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plava+gama)

• plava – leap, jump
  noun (masculine)
  From root plu (to float, swim, jump).
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abhipetuḥ'.