वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-59, verse-57

न वाक्यमात्रेण भवान्प्रधानो न कत्थनात् सत्पुरुषा भवन्ति ।
मयि स्थिते धन्विनि बाणपाणौ विदर्शयस्वात्मबलं दुरात्मन् ॥५७॥

57. na vākyamātreṇa bhavānpradhāno na katthanāt satpuruṣā bhavanti ,
mayi sthite dhanvini bāṇapāṇau vidarśayasvātmabalaṃ durātman.

57. na vākyamātreṇa bhavān pradhānaḥ
na katthānāt satpuruṣāḥ bhavanti
mayi sthite dhanvini bāṇapāṇau
vidarśayasva ātmabalam durātman

57. You are not a great person merely by speaking, nor do truly good men become so by boasting. While I, the archer, stand here with an arrow in hand, O evil-minded one, demonstrate your personal strength (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• वाक्यमात्रेण (vākyamātreṇa) - merely by words, only by speech

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

• प्रधानः (pradhānaḥ) - chief, principal, great

• न (na) - not, no

• कत्थानात् (katthānāt) - by boasting, from boasting

• सत्पुरुषाः (satpuruṣāḥ) - good men, virtuous persons

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

• मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, while I (am)

• स्थिते (sthite) - standing, situated (while standing)

• धन्विनि (dhanvini) - in the archer, on the archer (or while the archer is)

• बाणपाणौ (bāṇapāṇau) - with an arrow in hand, holding an arrow

• विदर्शयस्व (vidarśayasva) - demonstrate, show

• आत्मबलम् (ātmabalam) - personal strength (ātman) (self-strength, personal power, inherent might)

• दुरात्मन् (durātman) - O evil-minded one, O wicked one

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वाक्यमात्रेण (vākyamātreṇa) - merely by words, only by speech

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vākyamātra

vākyamātra - mere word, only speech

Compound type : tatpurusha (vākya+mātra)

• vākya – word, speech
  noun (neuter)
• mātra – mere, only
  adjective (neuter)

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), sir, lord

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Often used as an honorific second-person pronoun.

प्रधानः (pradhānaḥ) - chief, principal, great

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, main, important, great

Prefix: pra

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'bhavān'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

कत्थानात् (katthānāt) - by boasting, from boasting

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of katthāna

katthāna - boasting, bragging

Root: katth (class 1)

सत्पुरुषाः (satpuruṣāḥ) - good men, virtuous persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of satpuruṣa

satpuruṣa - good man, virtuous person, true hero

Compound type : tatpurusha (sat+puruṣa)

• sat – good, true, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root 'as' (to be) + śatṛ suffix.
  Root: as (class 2)
• puruṣa – man, person, male, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they become, they are

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. From root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, while I (am)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of aham

aham - I

स्थिते (sthite) - standing, situated (while standing)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, being

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' with 'kta' suffix.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'mayi'.

धन्विनि (dhanvini) - in the archer, on the archer (or while the archer is)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dhanvin

dhanvin - archer, bowman

Note: Agrees with 'mayi'.

बाणपाणौ (bāṇapāṇau) - with an arrow in hand, holding an arrow

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of bāṇapāṇi

bāṇapāṇi - one who has an arrow in hand, holding an arrow

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bāṇa+pāṇi)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'mayi'.

विदर्शयस्व (vidarśayasva) - demonstrate, show

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vidarśaya

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, middle voice. Causative of root 'dṛś' with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dṛś (class 1)

आत्मबलम् (ātmabalam) - personal strength (ātman) (self-strength, personal power, inherent might)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ātmabala

ātmabala - self-strength, personal power, inherent might

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+bala)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, supreme soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)

दुरात्मन् (durātman) - O evil-minded one, O wicked one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, villainous

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, supreme soul (ātman)
  noun (masculine)