वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-59, verse-62

बालो ऽयमिति विज्ञाय न मावज्ञातुमर्हसि ।
बालो वा यदि वा वृद्धो मृत्युं जानीहि संयुगे ॥६२॥

62. bālo'yamiti vijñāya na māvajñātumarhasi ,
bālo vā yadi vā vṛddho mṛtyuṃ jānīhi saṃyuge.

62. bālaḥ ayam iti vijñāya na mā avajñātum arhasi
bālaḥ vā yadi vā vṛddhaḥ mṛtyum jānīhi saṃyuge

62. ayam bālaḥ iti vijñāya mā na avajñātum arhasi
bālaḥ vā yadi vā vṛddhaḥ saṃyuge mṛtyum jānīhi

62. Do not disrespect me, thinking 'this one is a mere boy'. Whether a boy or an old man, know that death is certain in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• बालः (bālaḥ) - boy, child, young one

• अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

• इति (iti) - thus, so, thinking that

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, understanding, thinking

• न (na) - not, do not

• मा (mā) - me

• अवज्ञातुम् (avajñātum) - to disrespect, to despise

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

• बालः (bālaḥ) - boy, child

• वा (vā) - or

• यदि (yadi) - if, whether

• वा (vā) - or

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old man, aged

• मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

• जानीहि (jānīhi) - know, understand

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

बालः (bālaḥ) - boy, child, young one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, ignorant, innocent, new

Root: bal (class 10)

Note: Predicate nominative in the 'iti' clause.

अयम् (ayam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, here, now

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject in the 'iti' clause, referring to the speaker (or the person being addressed).

इति (iti) - thus, so, thinking that

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce or conclude a quotation, thought, or purpose.

Note: Introduces the perceived reason for disrespect.

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, understanding, thinking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - not, do not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the main verb 'arhasi'.

मा (mā) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of 'avajñātum'.

अवज्ञातुम् (avajñātum) - to disrespect, to despise

(verb)

Infinitive

Infinitive form from root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'ava-'.

Prefix: ava

Root: jñā (class 9)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Tense, Active Voice

From root 'arh' (to deserve, be able), conjugated in present tense, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: arh (class 1)

बालः (bālaḥ) - boy, child

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, ignorant, innocent, new

Root: bal (class 10)

Note: Part of the 'whether...or' construction.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle.

यदि (yadi) - if, whether

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

Note: Used here in the sense of 'whether'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Conjunctive particle.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old man, aged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, augmented

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Part of the 'whether...or' construction.

मृत्युम् (mṛtyum) - death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, mortality, personification of death

From root 'mṛ' (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Object of 'jānīhi'.

जानीहि (jānīhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of jñā

Imperative, Active Voice

From root 'jñā' (to know), 9th class, imperative mood, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: jñā (class 9)

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, conflict, union, conjunction

From 'sam-yuj' (to join, to fight).

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Denotes the place or circumstance of the action.

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