महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-120, verse-88

गदाश्च गुर्वीः परिघानयस्मयानसींश्च शक्तीश्च रणे नराधिपाः ।
महान्ति शस्त्राणि च भीमदर्शनाः प्रगृह्य पार्थं सहसाभिदुद्रुवुः ॥८८॥

88. gadāśca gurvīḥ parighānayasmayā;nasīṁśca śaktīśca raṇe narādhipāḥ ,
mahānti śastrāṇi ca bhīmadarśanāḥ; pragṛhya pārthaṁ sahasābhidudruvuḥ.

88. gadāḥ ca gurvīḥ parighān ayasmayān
asīn ca śaktīḥ ca raṇe narādhipāḥ
mahānti śastrāṇi ca bhīmadarśanāḥ
pragṛhya pārtham sahasā abhidudruvuḥ

88. ca raṇe bhīmadarśanāḥ narādhipāḥ gurvīḥ
gadāḥ ca ayasmayān parighān ca
asīn ca śaktīḥ ca mahānti śastrāṇi ca
pragṛhya sahasā pārtham abhidudruvuḥ

88. And the kings (narādhipāḥ), formidable to behold (bhīmadarśanāḥ), seizing heavy maces, iron clubs, swords, spears, and other great weapons, suddenly rushed towards Arjuna (Pārtha) in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• गदाः (gadāḥ) - maces

• च (ca) - and, also

• गुर्वीः (gurvīḥ) - heavy, weighty, mighty

• परिघान् (parighān) - iron clubs, bars, bludgeons

• अयस्मयान् (ayasmayān) - made of iron

• असीन् (asīn) - swords

• च (ca) - and, also

• शक्तीः (śaktīḥ) - spears, lances, javelins

• च (ca) - and, also

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings, rulers of men

• महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, large

• शस्त्राणि (śastrāṇi) - weapons, arms

• च (ca) - and, also

• भीमदर्शनाः (bhīmadarśanāḥ) - of terrible appearance, formidable to behold

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, grasping, taking hold of

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, violently, quickly

• अभिदुद्रुवुः (abhidudruvuḥ) - they rushed towards, they ran at

Words meanings and morphology

गदाः (gadāḥ) - maces

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of gadā

gadā - mace, club

From root 'gad' (to speak, but used in weapon context implies hitting/striking).

Note: Object of 'pragṛhya'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

गुर्वीः (gurvīḥ) - heavy, weighty, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of gurvī

gurvī - heavy, weighty, mighty, important

Feminine form of 'guru'.

Note: Agrees with 'gadāḥ'.

परिघान् (parighān) - iron clubs, bars, bludgeons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of parigha

parigha - an iron club, a bar, a bolt (of a door)

From 'pari-han' (to strike around, obstruct).

Prefix: pari

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Object of 'pragṛhya'.

अयस्मयान् (ayasmayān) - made of iron

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ayasmaya

ayasmaya - made of iron, iron (adj.)

From 'ayas' (iron) + 'maya' (made of) suffix.

Note: Agrees with 'parighān'.

असीन् (asīn) - swords

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of asi

asi - sword, scimitar

From root 'as' (to throw, shoot, hurl).

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of 'pragṛhya'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

शक्तीः (śaktīḥ) - spears, lances, javelins

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of śakti

śakti - power, strength, energy; a spear, lance; a divine feminine power (śakti)

From root 'śak' (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Object of 'pragṛhya'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war, conflict

From root 'raṇ' (to sound, rejoice, delight, fight).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Specifies location of action.

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings, rulers of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, sovereign (lit., 'ruler of men')

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'nṛ' (to lead).
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From 'adhi-pā' (to protect, rule over).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'abhidudruvuḥ'.

महान्ति (mahānti) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

'mahat' is a 't'-stem adjective.

Note: Agrees with 'śastrāṇi'.

शस्त्राणि (śastrāṇi) - weapons, arms

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śastra

śastra - weapon, arms, knife

From root 'śaṃs' (to praise, but also 'śas' to cut, kill).

Root: śas (class 2)

Note: Object of 'pragṛhya'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

भीमदर्शनाः (bhīmadarśanāḥ) - of terrible appearance, formidable to behold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmadarśana

bhīmadarśana - having a terrible appearance, formidable, dreadful

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhīma+darśana)

• bhīma – terrible, dreadful, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'bhī' (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• darśana – seeing, appearance, sight, view
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'narādhipāḥ'.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - having seized, grasping, taking hold of

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

From 'pra-grah' (to seize, take).

Prefix: pra

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Describes the action preceding 'abhidudruvuḥ'.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), an epithet of Arjuna

Derived from 'Pṛthā' (Kuntī) with 'aṇ' suffix, meaning 'son of Pṛthā'.

Note: Object of 'abhidudruvuḥ'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, violently, quickly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'abhidudruvuḥ'.

अभिदुद्रुवुः (abhidudruvuḥ) - they rushed towards, they ran at

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of abhi-dru

perfect tense

From 'abhi-dru' (to run towards). 'du-dru-vuḥ' is the 3rd person plural perfect active form.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)