महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-120, verse-19

रक्षितं मद्रराजेन कृपेण च महात्मना ।
जयद्रथं रणमुखे कथं हन्याद्धनंजयः ॥१९॥

19. rakṣitaṁ madrarājena kṛpeṇa ca mahātmanā ,
jayadrathaṁ raṇamukhe kathaṁ hanyāddhanaṁjayaḥ.

19. rakṣitam madrarājena kṛpeṇa ca mahātmanā
jayadratham raṇamukhe katham hanyāt dhanañjayaḥ

19. katham dhanañjayaḥ rakṣitam madrarājena ca
mahātmanā kṛpeṇa raṇamukhe jayadratham hanyāt

19. How could Arjuna kill Jayadratha in the forefront of battle, when he is being protected by the King of Madras (Śalya) and by the great-souled Kṛpa?

Words meanings summery:

• रक्षितम् (rakṣitam) - protected, guarded, defended

• मद्रराजेन (madrarājena) - by Śalya, the king of Madras (by the king of Madras)

• कृपेण (kṛpeṇa) - by Kṛpa (proper name)

• च (ca) - and, also

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Kṛpa (by the great-souled, by the noble)

• जयद्रथम् (jayadratham) - Jayadratha

• रणमुखे (raṇamukhe) - in the forefront of battle, in battle

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - would kill, should kill, could kill

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

Words meanings and morphology

रक्षितम् (rakṣitam) - protected, guarded, defended

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rakṣita

rakṣita - protected, guarded, defended, saved

Past Passive Participle

from root rakṣ- 'to protect, guard'

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Jayadratham. Describes Jayadratha as 'the one who is protected'.

मद्रराजेन (madrarājena) - by Śalya, the king of Madras (by the king of Madras)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras; specifically Śalya

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – the country of Madra, its people
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of rakṣitam.

कृपेण (kṛpeṇa) - by Kṛpa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (proper name, a famous teacher of archery, preceptor of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Agent of rakṣitam.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects madrarājena and kṛpeṇa.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Kṛpa (by the great-souled, by the noble)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, highly endowed, magnanimous

from mahā- 'great' + ātman 'soul'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Kṛpeṇa.

जयद्रथम् (jayadratham) - Jayadratha

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jayadratha

jayadratha - Jayadratha (proper name, king of Sindhu)

Note: Object of hanyāt.

रणमुखे (raṇamukhe) - in the forefront of battle, in battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇamukha

raṇamukha - forefront of battle, vanguard

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (raṇa+mukha)

• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, chief part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates place/circumstance of action.

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - would kill, should kill, could kill

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject is Dhanañjayaḥ (Arjuna).

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth; an epithet of Arjuna, fire

from dhana 'wealth' + ji 'to conquer' (with nasal infix/sandhi)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – conquest, victory, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  from root ji- 'to conquer'
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of hanyāt.