महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-120, verse-77

तं तथा विरथं दृष्ट्वा रथमारोप्य स्वं तदा ।
अश्वत्थामा महाराज भूयोऽर्जुनमयोधयत् ॥७७॥

77. taṁ tathā virathaṁ dṛṣṭvā rathamāropya svaṁ tadā ,
aśvatthāmā mahārāja bhūyo'rjunamayodhayat.

77. tam tathā viratham dṛṣṭvā ratham āropya svam tadā
aśvatthāmā mahārāja bhūyaḥ arjunam ayodhayat

77. mahārāja aśvatthāmā tam tathā viratham dṛṣṭvā
tadā svam ratham āropya bhūyaḥ arjunam ayodhayat

77. O great king, when Ashvatthama saw him thus deprived of his chariot, he then mounted him onto his own chariot and fought Arjuna again.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Duryodhana, implied) (him, that (one))

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• विरथम् (viratham) - chariot-less, deprived of a chariot

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot, car

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having caused to mount, having placed upon

• स्वम् (svam) - one's own, his own

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashvatthama (proper name)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative address) (great king)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, moreover

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna (proper name)

• अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - he fought, he caused to fight

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Duryodhana, implied) (him, that (one))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

विरथम् (viratham) - chariot-less, deprived of a chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot, chariot-less

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, separation, negation
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating separation or absence
• ratha – chariot, car, vehicle
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot, car

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

Root: ram (class 1)

आरोप्य (āropya) - having caused to mount, having placed upon

(indeclinable)

absolutive

formed from root ruh with prefix ā and causative -ṇij, then suffix -ya

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

स्वम् (svam) - one's own, his own

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - one's own, his own, her own, my own, wealth, property

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashvatthama (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāmā

aśvatthāmā - Ashvatthama (son of Droṇa)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative address) (great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - Arjuna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍavas), white, silver

अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - he fought, he caused to fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ayodhayat

causative imperfect

imperfect 3rd singular active, causative form of root yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)