महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-120, verse-43

सैन्धवं पृष्ठतः कृत्वा जिघांसन्तोऽर्जुनाच्युतौ ।
सूर्यास्तमयमिच्छन्तो लोहितायति भास्करे ॥४३॥

43. saindhavaṁ pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā jighāṁsanto'rjunācyutau ,
sūryāstamayamicchanto lohitāyati bhāskare.

43. saindhavam pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā jighāṃsantaḥ arjunācyutau
sūryāstamayam icchantaḥ lohitāyati bhāskare

43. saindhavam pṛṣṭhataḥ kṛtvā arjunācyutau jighāṃsantaḥ
bhāskare lohitāyati sūryāstamayam icchantaḥ

43. Protecting Saindhava (Jayadratha) by placing him behind them, they desired to kill Arjuna and Krishna (Acyuta), wishing for the sun's setting as the sun (bhāskara) was turning red.

Words meanings summery:

• सैन्धवम् (saindhavam) - Jayadratha (Saindhava, Jayadratha)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - behind them (for protection) (from behind, at the back, behind)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed (Saindhava) behind them (having done, having made, having placed)

• जिघांसन्तः (jighāṁsantaḥ) - the warriors desiring to kill (Arjuna and Krishna) (desiring to kill, wishing to strike)

• अर्जुनाच्युतौ (arjunācyutau) - Arjuna and Krishna (Arjuna and Acyuta (Krishna))

• सूर्यास्तमयम् (sūryāstamayam) - the setting of the sun (which was crucial for Jayadratha's protection) (sunset, setting of the sun)

• इच्छन्तः (icchantaḥ) - the warriors desiring (the sunset) (desiring, wishing)

• लोहितायति (lohitāyati) - while turning red (reddening, becoming red)

• भास्करे (bhāskare) - while the sun (in the sun, on the sun, when the sun)

Words meanings and morphology

सैन्धवम् (saindhavam) - Jayadratha (Saindhava, Jayadratha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - belonging to Sindhu, an inhabitant of Sindhu, King of Sindhu, Jayadratha

Note: Object of `kṛtvā`.

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - behind them (for protection) (from behind, at the back, behind)

(indeclinable)

From `pṛṣṭha` (back) + `tas` (suffix for 'from/at').

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed (Saindhava) behind them (having done, having made, having placed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root `kṛ` (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

जिघांसन्तः (jighāṁsantaḥ) - the warriors desiring to kill (Arjuna and Krishna) (desiring to kill, wishing to strike)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jighāṃsat

jighāṁsat - desiring to kill, wishing to strike

Desiderative Present Active Participle

Desiderative stem of root `han` (to strike, kill), formed as `ji-ghāṃs-`.

Root: han (class 2)

अर्जुनाच्युतौ (arjunācyutau) - Arjuna and Krishna (Arjuna and Acyuta (Krishna))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of arjunācyuta

arjunācyuta - Arjuna and Acyuta

Compound type : dvandva (arjuna+acyuta)

• arjuna – white, clear, a peacock, Arjuna (name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• acyuta – imperishable, firm, unshaken, never falling, Viṣṇu, Kṛṣṇa
  proper noun (masculine)
  `a` (negation) + `cyuta` (fallen).
  Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Objects of `jighāṃsantaḥ`.

सूर्यास्तमयम् (sūryāstamayam) - the setting of the sun (which was crucial for Jayadratha's protection) (sunset, setting of the sun)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūryāstamaya

sūryāstamaya - sunset, disappearance of the sun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūrya+astamaya)

• sūrya – sun, sun-god
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū
• astamaya – setting, disappearance, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From `asta` (setting) + `maya` (ending). Root `i` with `asta`.
  Prefix: asta
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of `icchantaḥ`.

इच्छन्तः (icchantaḥ) - the warriors desiring (the sunset) (desiring, wishing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of icchat

icchat - desiring, wishing

Present Active Participle

From root `iṣ` (to wish, desire).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

लोहितायति (lohitāyati) - while turning red (reddening, becoming red)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of lohitāyat

lohitāyat - becoming red, reddening

Present Active Participle (from denominative verb)

Denominative verb from `lohita` (red) + `ya` suffix (to become/behave like).

Note: Part of a locative absolute phrase 'lohitāyati bhāskare'.

भास्करे (bhāskare) - while the sun (in the sun, on the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun, sun-god, fire, gold

From `bhās` (light) + `kara` (maker).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (bhās+kara)

• bhās – light, luster, splendor
  noun (feminine)
  From root `bhā` (to shine).
  Root: bhā (class 2)
• kara – maker, doer, hand, ray
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kṛ` (to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the locative absolute construction.