महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-120, verse-69

तौ वृषाविव नर्दन्तौ नरसिंहौ महारथौ ।
सायकौघप्रतिच्छन्नं चक्रतुः खमजिह्मगैः ।
अदृश्यौ च शरौघैस्तौ निघ्नतामितरेतरम् ॥६९॥

69. tau vṛṣāviva nardantau narasiṁhau mahārathau ,
sāyakaughapraticchannaṁ cakratuḥ khamajihmagaiḥ ,
adṛśyau ca śaraughaistau nighnatāmitaretaram.

69. tau vṛṣā iva nardantau narasiṃhau
mahārathau sāyaka ogha praticchannam
cakratuḥ kham ajihmagaiḥ adṛśyau ca
śara oghaiḥ tau nighnatām itaretaram

69. tau narasiṃhau mahārathau vṛṣā iva
nardantau ajihmagaiḥ sāyaka ogha
praticchannam kham cakratuḥ ca śara
oghaiḥ adṛśyau tau itaretaram nighnatām

69. Those two great charioteers, lion-like men roaring like bulls, covered the sky with a flood of straight-flying arrows. Rendered invisible by the torrent of arrows, they struck each other.

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - Arjuna and Karṇa (those two)

• वृषा (vṛṣā) - bull, strong one

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• नर्दन्तौ (nardantau) - roaring, bellowing

• नरसिंहौ (narasiṁhau) - Arjuna and Karṇa, as powerful warriors (lion-like men, heroic men)

• महारथौ (mahārathau) - Arjuna and Karṇa as great charioteers (great charioteers)

• सायक (sāyaka) - arrow

• ओघ (ogha) - flood, multitude

• प्रतिच्छन्नम् (praticchannam) - covered, concealed

• चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - they made, they did

• खम् (kham) - sky, ether, space

• अजिह्मगैः (ajihmagaiḥ) - with straight-flying arrows (with straight-going ones (arrows))

• अदृश्यौ (adṛśyau) - invisible, unseen

• च (ca) - and

• शर (śara) - arrow

• ओघैः (oghaiḥ) - by torrents of arrows (by floods, by multitudes)

• तौ (tau) - Arjuna and Karṇa (those two)

• निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - they struck, they were striking

• इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other, mutually

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - Arjuna and Karṇa (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

वृषा (vṛṣā) - bull, strong one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vṛṣan

vṛṣan - bull, male, powerful, strong

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

नर्दन्तौ (nardantau) - roaring, bellowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nardat

nardat - roaring, bellowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root nard (to roar), present stem nardat, masculine nominative dual.

Root: nard (class 1)

नरसिंहौ (narasiṁhau) - Arjuna and Karṇa, as powerful warriors (lion-like men, heroic men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of narasiṃha

narasiṁha - man-lion, lion among men, a powerful man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+siṃha)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)

महारथौ (mahārathau) - Arjuna and Karṇa as great charioteers (great charioteers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 bowmen

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
  From mahat.
• ratha – chariot, charioteer
  noun (masculine)

सायक (sāyaka) - arrow

(noun)

masculine, singular of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, missile

Root: si (class 4)

Note: First part of the compound 'sāyakaughapraticchannam'.

ओघ (ogha) - flood, multitude

(noun)

masculine, singular of ogha

ogha - flood, stream, multitude, heap

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Second part of 'sāyakaughapraticchannam'.

प्रतिच्छन्नम् (praticchannam) - covered, concealed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of praticchanna

praticchanna - covered, concealed, hidden

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root chad (to cover), with prefix prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: chad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kham'.

चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - they made, they did

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect tense, 3rd person dual

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The subject is 'tau' (Karna and Arjuna).

खम् (kham) - sky, ether, space

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - sky, ether, space, zero

Note: Object of 'cakratuḥ'.

अजिह्मगैः (ajihmagaiḥ) - with straight-flying arrows (with straight-going ones (arrows))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ajihmaga

ajihmaga - straight-going, not crooked, an arrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+jihma+ga)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• jihma – crooked, oblique, dishonest
  adjective
• ga – going
  adjective
  agent noun/suffix
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to arrows.

अदृश्यौ (adṛśyau) - invisible, unseen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of adṛśya

adṛśya - invisible, not to be seen

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see), with negative prefix a-.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dṛśya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dṛśya – visible, to be seen
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From root dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tau'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

शर (śara) - arrow

(noun)

masculine, singular of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ (class 9)

Note: First part of compound 'śaroghaiḥ'.

ओघैः (oghaiḥ) - by torrents of arrows (by floods, by multitudes)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ogha

ogha - flood, stream, multitude, heap

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Instrumental agent of invisibility.

तौ (tau) - Arjuna and Karṇa (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

निघ्नताम् (nighnatām) - they struck, they were striking

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of han

Imperfect tense, 3rd person dual

Root han, with prefix ni-, imperfect, 3rd person dual form. The 'a' vowel is sometimes shortened or dropped in such forms in epic Sanskrit.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the mutual striking.

इतरेतरम् (itaretaram) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of itaretara

itaretara - one another, each other, mutual

Compound type : dvandva (itara+itara)

• itara – other, another
  pronoun
• itara – other, another
  pronoun

Note: Adverbial usage.