महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-87

श्वपच उवाच ।
अस्थानतो हीनतः कुत्सिताद्वा तं विद्वांसं बाधते साधुवृत्तम् ।
स्थानं पुनर्यो लभते निषङ्गात्तेनापि दण्डः सहितव्य एव ॥८७॥

87. śvapaca uvāca ,
asthānato hīnataḥ kutsitādvā; taṁ vidvāṁsaṁ bādhate sādhuvṛttam ,
sthānaṁ punaryo labhate niṣaṅgā;ttenāpi daṇḍaḥ sahitavya eva.

87. śvapacaḥ uvāca asthānataḥ hīnanaḥ
kutsitāt vā tam vidvāṃsam bādhate
sādhuvṛttam sthānam punaḥ yaḥ labhate
niṣaṅgāt tena api daṇḍaḥ sahitavyaḥ eva

87. śvapacaḥ uvāca yaḥ asthānataḥ hīnanaḥ
kutsitāt vā sādhuvṛttam tam vidvāṃsam
bādhate punaḥ yaḥ niṣaṅgāt sthānam
labhate tena api daṇḍaḥ eva sahitavyaḥ

87. The outcaste said: One who is inappropriately placed, inferior, or despised afflicts a wise man of good conduct. But if someone obtains a position merely through association, then even by such a person, punishment must certainly be endured.

Words meanings summery:

• श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - dog-cooker, outcaste, untouchable

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अस्थानतः (asthānataḥ) - from an improper place/position, inappropriately

• हीननः (hīnanaḥ) - from a low or inferior person/condition, by reason of inferiority

• कुत्सितात् (kutsitāt) - from a despised one, from a reprehensible person

• वा (vā) - or

• तम् (tam) - that (masculine singular accusative)

• विद्वांसम् (vidvāṁsam) - wise man, learned man

• बाधते (bādhate) - afflicts, troubles, harasses

• साधुवृत्तम् (sādhuvṛttam) - one of good conduct, well-behaved

• स्थानम् (sthānam) - place, position, status

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, but, moreover

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• लभते (labhate) - obtains, acquires, gets

• निषङ्गात् (niṣaṅgāt) - from attachment, from association, due to connection

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• अपि (api) - even, also

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, stick, rod

• सहितव्यः (sahitavyaḥ) - to be endured, must be borne

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

Words meanings and morphology

श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - dog-cooker, outcaste, untouchable

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvapaca

śvapaca - dog-cooker, outcaste, untouchable

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvan+pac)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• pac – cook, prepare
  verb
  Root: pac (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अस्थानतः (asthānataḥ) - from an improper place/position, inappropriately

(indeclinable)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sthāna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sthāna – place, position, state
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Ablative ending used adverbially

हीननः (hīnanaḥ) - from a low or inferior person/condition, by reason of inferiority

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'hā' (to abandon, leave) or 'hi' (to send) + -na suffix.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Ablative ending used adverbially

कुत्सितात् (kutsitāt) - from a despised one, from a reprehensible person

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kutsita

kutsita - despised, reviled, reprehensible

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kuts' (to revile, despise) + -ta suffix.

Root: kuts (class 1)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (masculine singular accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

विद्वांसम् (vidvāṁsam) - wise man, learned man

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidvas

vidvas - wise, learned, knowing

Past Active Participle

Derived from root 'vid' (to know) with -vas suffix.

Root: vid (class 2)

बाधते (bādhate) - afflicts, troubles, harasses

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bādh

Root: bādh (class 1)

साधुवृत्तम् (sādhuvṛttam) - one of good conduct, well-behaved

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sādhuvṛtta

sādhuvṛtta - of good conduct, virtuous

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sādhu+vṛtta)

• sādhu – good, virtuous, proper
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• vṛtta – conduct, behaviour, course
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

स्थानम् (sthānam) - place, position, status

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, position, state, status

Root: sthā (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, but, moreover

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

लभते (labhate) - obtains, acquires, gets

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Root: labh (class 1)

निषङ्गात् (niṣaṅgāt) - from attachment, from association, due to connection

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of niṣaṅga

niṣaṅga - attachment, connection, clinging

Root: sañj (class 1)

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, stick, rod

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, rod, staff, punishment

सहितव्यः (sahitavyaḥ) - to be endured, must be borne

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahitavya

sahitavya - to be borne, to be endured

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Root 'sah' (to endure) + -itavya suffix.

Root: sah (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)