महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-57

विश्वामित्रस्ततो राजन्नित्युक्तो भरतर्षभ ।
क्षुधार्तः प्रत्युवाचेदं पुनरेव महामुनिः ॥५७॥

57. viśvāmitrastato rājannityukto bharatarṣabha ,
kṣudhārtaḥ pratyuvācedaṁ punareva mahāmuniḥ.

57. viśvāmitraḥ tataḥ rājan iti uktaḥ bharatarṣabha
kṣudhārtaḥ pratyuvāca idam punaḥ eva mahāmuniḥ

57. rājan bharatarṣabha,
tataḥ iti uktaḥ kṣudhārtaḥ mahāmuniḥ viśvāmitraḥ punaḥ eva idam pratyuvāca

57. Thereupon, O King, O best of Bharatas, the great sage Viśvāmitra, who had been thus addressed, replied again, distressed by hunger.

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra (proper name))

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (thence, then, thereupon)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (O best of Bharatas, O chief of Bharatas)

• क्षुधार्तः (kṣudhārtaḥ) - distressed by hunger (distressed by hunger, afflicted by hunger, hungry)

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

• इदम् (idam) - this (this, this one)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

• एव (eva) - again (emphasizing repetition) (only, just, indeed)

• महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - the great sage

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - name of a famous sage

Compound: "viśva" (all) + "mitra" (friend).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, universal
  adjective
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)
  From root "mid" (to be friendly) + suffix "tra".
  Root: mid (class 4)

Note: Subject of the verb "pratyuvāca".

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon (thence, then, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun "tad" + ablative suffix "tas".

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressing the listener, likely Rāma.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark a direct quotation or reference to a preceding statement.

Note: Indicates that what was said previously is being referred to.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root "vac" (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies Viśvāmitraḥ.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (O best of Bharatas, O chief of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - O best of Bharatas (a royal epithet)

Tatpurusha compound: "bharata" (Bharata's descendant) + "ṛṣabha" (bull, chief, best).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of a king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another epithet addressing the listener.

क्षुधार्तः (kṣudhārtaḥ) - distressed by hunger (distressed by hunger, afflicted by hunger, hungry)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣudhārta

kṣudhārta - distressed by hunger

Tatpurusha compound: "kṣudhā" (by hunger - instrumental) + "ārta" (distressed).

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣudhā+ārta)

• kṣudhā – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
  From root "kṣudh" (to be hungry) + suffix "ā".
  Root: kṣudh (class 1)
• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root "ṛ" (to go, to move), here in the sense of 'afflicted'.
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Adjectival modifier for Viśvāmitra.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prativac

Perfect active

Perfect 3rd person singular of root "vac" (to speak) with prefix "prati".

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter accusative singular.

Note: Object of "pratyuvāca".

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - again (emphasizing repetition) (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

महामुनिः (mahāmuniḥ) - the great sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Bahuvrīhi compound: "mahā" (great) + "muni" (sage).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From root "mah" (to be great).
  Root: mah (class 1)
• muni – sage, ascetic, an inspired one
  noun (masculine)
  From root "man" (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: In apposition to Viśvāmitraḥ.