महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-71

विश्वामित्र उवाच ।
न पातकं नावमतमृषिः सन्कर्तुमर्हसि ।
समौ च श्वमृगौ मन्ये तस्माद्भक्ष्या श्वजाघनी ॥७१॥

71. viśvāmitra uvāca ,
na pātakaṁ nāvamatamṛṣiḥ sankartumarhasi ,
samau ca śvamṛgau manye tasmādbhakṣyā śvajāghanī.

71. viśvāmitraḥ uvāca na pātakam na avamatam ṛṣiḥ san kartum
arhasi samau ca śvamṛgau manye tasmāt bhakṣyā śvajāghanī

71. viśvāmitraḥ uvāca ṛṣiḥ san pātakam na avamatam na
ca śvamṛgau samau manye tasmāt śvajāghanī bhakṣyā

71. Viśvāmitra said: "For a sage (ṛṣi), this is neither a transgression (pātaka) nor a contemptible act. I consider a dog and a deer to be equal. Therefore, the thigh of a dog is permissible to eat."

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - The sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra (a famous sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• पातकम् (pātakam) - transgression (pātaka) (sin, transgression, wicked act)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• अवमतम् (avamatam) - contemptible act (despised, scorned, humiliated, contemptible)

• ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage (ṛṣi) (sage, seer, inspired poet)

• सन् (san) - being (a sage) (being, existing, good)

• कर्तुम् (kartum) - to perform (to do, to make, to perform)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (perform) (you are able, you ought, you deserve)

• समौ (samau) - equal (dual) (equal, similar, same (dual))

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• श्वमृगौ (śvamṛgau) - a dog and a deer (a dog and a deer (dual))

• मन्ये (manye) - I consider (I think, I believe, I consider)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

• भक्ष्या (bhakṣyā) - permissible to eat (edible, fit to be eaten)

• श्वजाघनी (śvajāghanī) - the thigh of a dog (dog's thigh)

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - The sage Viśvāmitra (Viśvāmitra (a famous sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (proper noun, name of a celebrated Vedic sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Class 2 verb, root `vac` (वच्), perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

पातकम् (pātakam) - transgression (pātaka) (sin, transgression, wicked act)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pātaka

pātaka - sin, transgression, wicked act; causing to fall

From root `pat` (to fall) + `aka` suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

अवमतम् (avamatam) - contemptible act (despised, scorned, humiliated, contemptible)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of avamata

avamata - despised, disrespected, scorned

Past Passive Participle

From root `man` (to think, believe) with prefix `ava`.

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

ऋषिः (ṛṣiḥ) - sage (ṛṣi) (sage, seer, inspired poet)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic hymn composer

सन् (san) - being (a sage) (being, existing, good)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, real, true

Present Active Participle

From root `as` (to be). Present participle of 'to be'.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used here adverbially to qualify 'ṛṣi'.

कर्तुम् (kartum) - to perform (to do, to make, to perform)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of kṛ

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the root `kṛ`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (perform) (you are able, you ought, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Active

Class 1 verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Implies 'one should' or 'it is proper for one'.

समौ (samau) - equal (dual) (equal, similar, same (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sama

sama - equal, same, similar, even, level

Note: Qualifies `śvamṛgau`.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

श्वमृगौ (śvamṛgau) - a dog and a deer (a dog and a deer (dual))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śvamṛga

śvamṛga - dog and deer (dvandva compound), or 'a dog-deer' (if interpreted as one thing)

Dvandva compound of `śvan` (dog) and `mṛga` (deer).

Compound type : dvandva (śvan+mṛga)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• mṛga – deer, wild animal, game
  noun (masculine)

मन्ये (manye) - I consider (I think, I believe, I consider)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle

Class 4 verb, present indicative, 1st person singular, Middle voice.

Root: man (class 4)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used as an adverbial conjunction.

भक्ष्या (bhakṣyā) - permissible to eat (edible, fit to be eaten)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhakṣya

bhakṣya - edible, eatable, fit to be eaten

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root `bhakṣ` (to eat) + `ya` suffix.

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

श्वजाघनी (śvajāghanī) - the thigh of a dog (dog's thigh)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śvajāghanī

śvajāghanī - dog's thigh

Compound of `śvan` (dog) and `jāghanī` (thigh).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śvan+jāghanī)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• jāghanī – thigh
  noun (feminine)