महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-84

विश्वामित्र उवाच ।
उपादाने खादने वास्य दोषः कार्यो न्यायैर्नित्यमत्रापवादः ।
यस्मिन्न हिंसा नानृते वाक्यलेशो भक्ष्यक्रिया तत्र न तद्गरीयः ॥८४॥

84. viśvāmitra uvāca ,
upādāne khādane vāsya doṣaḥ; kāryo nyāyairnityamatrāpavādaḥ ,
yasminna hiṁsā nānṛte vākyaleśo; bhakṣyakriyā tatra na tadgarīyaḥ.

84. viśvāmitraḥ uvāca | upādāne khādane vā
asya doṣaḥ kāryaḥ nyāyaiḥ nityam atra
apavādaḥ | yasmin na hiṃsā na anṛte
vākyaleśaḥ bhakṣyakriyā tatra na tat garīyaḥ

84. viśvāmitraḥ uvāca asya upādāne vā khādane doṣaḥ kāryaḥ atra nyāyaiḥ nityam apavādaḥ yasmin bhakṣyakriyā hiṃsā na,
vākyaleśaḥ anṛte na,
tatra tat na garīyaḥ

84. Viśvāmitra said: "Whether in the obtaining or in the eating of it, a fault (doṣa) should be attributed to it. However, an exception (apavāda) is always to be made here according to proper reasoning. When there is no violence (hiṃsā) and no slightest trace of falsehood (anṛta) in the act of consuming food, then that act is not grave."

Words meanings summery:

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उपादाने (upādāne) - in obtaining, in taking

• खादने (khādane) - in eating, in consuming

• वा (vā) - or

• अस्य (asya) - of this, of it

• दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault (doṣa) (fault, defect, error, evil)

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done, to be made, should be considered

• न्यायैः (nyāyaiḥ) - by principles, by logic, by justice

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• अपवादः (apavādaḥ) - exception, refutation, objection

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which, wherein

• न (na) - not, no

• हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence (hiṃsā) (violence, injury)

• न (na) - not, no

• अनृते (anṛte) - falsehood (anṛta) (falsehood, untruth)

• वाक्यलेशः (vākyaleśaḥ) - a trace of speech, a hint of a word, a trace of falsehood in speech

• भक्ष्यक्रिया (bhakṣyakriyā) - act of eating, consumption of food

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

• न (na) - not, no

• तत् (tat) - that

• गरीयः (garīyaḥ) - more serious, heavier, graver

Words meanings and morphology

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (proper name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

उपादाने (upādāne) - in obtaining, in taking

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of upādāna

upādāna - taking, grasping, obtaining, material cause

Verbal noun

derived from upa-ā-√dā

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: dā (class 3)

खादने (khādane) - in eating, in consuming

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of khādana

khādana - eating, consuming

Verbal noun

derived from √khād

Root: khād (class 1)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of this, of it

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

दोषः (doṣaḥ) - fault (doṣa) (fault, defect, error, evil)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, vice, evil, impurity

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - should be done, to be made, should be considered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, to be made, duty, work

Gerundive

derived from √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न्यायैः (nyāyaiḥ) - by principles, by logic, by justice

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nyāya

nyāya - rule, method, logical argument, justice, system

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

अपवादः (apavādaḥ) - exception, refutation, objection

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apavāda

apavāda - exception, objection, censure, refutation

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which, wherein

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हिंसा (hiṁsā) - violence (hiṃsā) (violence, injury)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hiṃsā

hiṁsā - injury, violence, harm

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनृते (anṛte) - falsehood (anṛta) (falsehood, untruth)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untrue, falsehood, unrighteousness

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+ṛta)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order
  noun (neuter)

वाक्यलेशः (vākyaleśaḥ) - a trace of speech, a hint of a word, a trace of falsehood in speech

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vākyaleśa

vākyaleśa - a trace/fragment of speech

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vākya+leśa)

• vākya – speech, word, sentence
  noun (neuter)
• leśa – a small part, a trace, a fragment
  noun (masculine)

भक्ष्यक्रिया (bhakṣyakriyā) - act of eating, consumption of food

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhakṣyakriyā

bhakṣyakriyā - act of eating, consumption

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (bhakṣya+kriyā)

• bhakṣya – food, edible
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  derived from √bhakṣ (to eat)
  Root: bhakṣ (class 10)
• kriyā – action, deed, rite
  noun (feminine)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

गरीयः (garīyaḥ) - more serious, heavier, graver

(adjective)

neuter, singular of garīyas

garīyas - heavier, more important, more serious (comparative of guru)

Comparative form of 'guru'