महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-79

श्वपच उवाच ।
सुहृद्भूत्वानुशास्मि त्वा कृपा हि त्वयि मे द्विज ।
तदेवं श्रेय आधत्स्व मा लोभाच्छ्वानमादिथाः ॥७९॥

79. śvapaca uvāca ,
suhṛdbhūtvānuśāsmi tvā kṛpā hi tvayi me dvija ,
tadevaṁ śreya ādhatsva mā lobhācchvānamādithāḥ.

79. śvapacaḥ uvāca suhṛdbhūtvā anuśāsmi tvā kṛpā hi tvayi me
dvija tat evam śreyaḥ ādhatsva mā lobhāt śvānam ādithāḥ

79. śvapacaḥ uvāca dvija,
me tvayi kṛpā hi.
suhṛdbhūtvā tvā anuśāsmi.
tat evam śreyaḥ ādhatsva.
lobhāt śvānam mā ādithāḥ.

79. The dog-eater said: "As a friend, I advise you, O Brahmin, for I indeed feel compassion for you. Therefore, ensure your well-being in this manner. Do not consume a dog out of greed."

Words meanings summery:

• श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - dog-eater, outcaste

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सुहृद्भूत्वा (suhṛdbhūtvā) - having become a friend

• अनुशास्मि (anuśāsmi) - I instruct, I advise

• त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

• कृपा (kṛpā) - compassion, pity, mercy

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

• त्वयि (tvayi) - in you, towards you

• मे (me) - my, to me

• द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin, O twice-born

• तत् (tat) - therefore, that, so

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - welfare, good, prosperity, what is better

• आधत्स्व (ādhatsva) - attain, establish, make your own

• मा (mā) - do not (prohibitive particle)

• लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed, out of greed

• श्वानम् (śvānam) - a dog (accusative)

• आदिथाः (ādithāḥ) - you might eat, you eat (injunctive)

Words meanings and morphology

श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - dog-eater, outcaste

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvapaca

śvapaca - dog-eater, an outcaste

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, Class 2 verb (adādi)

Root: vac (class 2)

सुहृद्भूत्वा (suhṛdbhūtvā) - having become a friend

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

formed from suhṛt (friend) + bhū (to be) + ktvā suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Absolutives are indeclinable

अनुशास्मि (anuśāsmi) - I instruct, I advise

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śās

Present Active Indicative

1st person singular, from root śās with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

कृपा (kṛpā) - compassion, pity, mercy

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛpā

kṛpā - compassion, pity, mercy

हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

(indeclinable)

त्वयि (tvayi) - in you, towards you

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

मे (me) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Can also be dative

द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin, O twice-born

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born, Brahmin, bird, tooth

तत् (tat) - therefore, that, so

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, therefore

Note: Can also be used as an indeclinable conjunction, "therefore".

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - welfare, good, prosperity, what is better

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - welfare, good, prosperity, superior, better

comparative form of śrī (masc/neut) / śreya (neuter)

Note: Can also be nominative. Here, it is the object of 'ādhatsva'.

आधत्स्व (ādhatsva) - attain, establish, make your own

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of dhā

Imperative Middle

2nd person singular, from root dhā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

मा (mā) - do not (prohibitive particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with aorist injunctive

लोभात् (lobhāt) - from greed, out of greed

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of lobha

lobha - greed, avarice, desire

Root: lubh (class 4)

श्वानम् (śvānam) - a dog (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

आदिथाः (ādithāḥ) - you might eat, you eat (injunctive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of ad

Aorist Injunctive Active

2nd person singular, root aorist

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Used with mā for prohibition