महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-58

निराहारस्य सुमहान्मम कालोऽभिधावतः ।
न विद्यतेऽभ्युपायश्च कश्चिन्मे प्राणधारणे ॥५८॥

58. nirāhārasya sumahānmama kālo'bhidhāvataḥ ,
na vidyate'bhyupāyaśca kaścinme prāṇadhāraṇe.

58. nirāhārasya sumahān mama kālaḥ abhidhāvataḥ na
vidyate abhyupāyaḥ ca kaścit me prāṇadhāraṇe

58. nirāhārasya mama sumahān kālaḥ abhidhāvataḥ ca
me prāṇadhāraṇe kaścit abhyupāyaḥ na vidyate

58. A very great amount of time has swiftly passed for me, who am without food. And no means whatsoever is found for me to sustain life.

Words meanings summery:

• निराहारस्य (nirāhārasya) - for me, who am without food (of one without food, fasting)

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - a very great (amount) (very great, very large, immense)

• मम (mama) - for me (my, of me)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - time (time, period, season)

• अभिधावतः (abhidhāvataḥ) - has swiftly passed (running swiftly, passing quickly)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• विद्यते (vidyate) - is found (exists, is found, is)

• अभ्युपायः (abhyupāyaḥ) - means (means, expedient, approach, recourse)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - whatsoever (emphatic negative) (any, some, a certain)

• मे (me) - for me (to me, my, for me)

• प्राणधारणे (prāṇadhāraṇe) - to sustain life (for sustaining life, in maintaining life)

Words meanings and morphology

निराहारस्य (nirāhārasya) - for me, who am without food (of one without food, fasting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - without food, fasting, abstaining from food

Compound: "nis" (without) + "āhāra" (food).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – without, out, away
  prefix
  Denotes negation or absence.
• āhāra – food, sustenance
  noun (masculine)
  From "ā" (prefix) + root "hṛ" (to take) + suffix "a".
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject of the action, "mama".

सुमहान् (sumahān) - a very great (amount) (very great, very large, immense)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large

Compound: "su" (very, well) + "mahat" (great).

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  An adverbial prefix intensifying the following word.
• mahat – great, large, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  From root "mah" (to be great).
  Root: mah (class 1)

मम (mama) - for me (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Genitive singular of the first person pronoun "asmad".

Note: Expresses possession or relation to the passing time.

कालः (kālaḥ) - time (time, period, season)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, appropriate time

From root "kal" (to count, to calculate) + suffix "a".

Root: kal (class 10)

अभिधावतः (abhidhāvataḥ) - has swiftly passed (running swiftly, passing quickly)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of abhidhāvat

abhidhāvat - running towards, flowing, passing swiftly

Present active participle

Present active participle of root "dhāv" (to run) with prefix "abhi".

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Describes the nature of the time (kālaḥ) passing swiftly.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - is found (exists, is found, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present middle

Present 3rd person singular middle voice of root "vid" (to be, to exist, distinct from "vid" to know).

Root: vid (class 4)

Note: The passive voice (middle ending) here indicates "is found" or "is available".

अभ्युपायः (abhyupāyaḥ) - means (means, expedient, approach, recourse)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyupāya

abhyupāya - means, expedient, approach

Compound of "abhi" + "upa" + root "i" (to go) + suffix "a".

Prefixes: abhi+upa

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Post-positive conjunction.

कश्चित् (kaścit) - whatsoever (emphatic negative) (any, some, a certain)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, something, any, certain

Indefinite pronoun, formed from "kim" (who/what) + "cit" (particle).

Note: Agrees with "abhyupāyaḥ", making the negation emphatic ("no means whatsoever").

मे (me) - for me (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Genitive/Dative singular enclitic form of "asmad".

Note: Dative of interest, "for me".

प्राणधारणे (prāṇadhāraṇe) - to sustain life (for sustaining life, in maintaining life)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of prāṇadhāraṇa

prāṇadhāraṇa - sustenance of life, maintaining life

Compound of prāṇa (life-breath) and dhāraṇa (holding, maintaining).

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+dhāraṇa)

• prāṇa – breath, vital air, life
  noun (masculine)
  From "pra" (prefix) + root "an" (to breathe) + suffix "a".
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• dhāraṇa – holding, bearing, maintaining
  noun (neuter)
  From root "dhṛ" (to hold) + suffix "ana".
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose or context for the means.