महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
हीने परमके धर्मे सर्वलोकातिलङ्घिनि ।
अधर्मे धर्मतां नीते धर्मे चाधर्मतां गते ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
hīne paramake dharme sarvalokātilaṅghini ,
adharme dharmatāṁ nīte dharme cādharmatāṁ gate.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca hīne paramake dharme sarva-loka-atilaṅghini
adharme dharmatām nīte dharme ca adharmatām gate

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca paramake dharme hīne sarva-loka-atilaṅghini
adharme dharmatām nīte ca dharme adharmatām gate

1. Yudhishthira said: When the supreme natural law (dharma) is diminished and overpowers all people; when unrighteousness (adharma) is made into righteousness; and when natural law (dharma) has turned into unrighteousness (adharma) –

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• हीने (hīne) - diminished (diminished, abandoned, devoid of, deprived)

• परमके (paramake) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

• धर्मे (dharme) - when the supreme natural law (dharma) (in the natural law (dharma), in the constitution, in duty)

• सर्व-लोक-अतिलङ्घिनि (sarva-loka-atilaṅghini) - overpowers all people (transgressing all people/worlds, overcoming all people/worlds)

• अधर्मे (adharme) - when unrighteousness (adharma) (in unrighteousness (adharma), in injustice)

• धर्मताम् (dharmatām) - into righteousness (state of being natural law (dharma), righteousness, intrinsic nature)

• नीते (nīte) - is made into (led, brought, made into)

• धर्मे (dharme) - when natural law (dharma) (in the natural law (dharma), in duty)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अधर्मताम् (adharmatām) - into unrighteousness (adharma) (state of being unrighteousness (adharma), unrighteousness)

• गते (gate) - has turned into (gone, resorted to, become)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhishthira (eldest of the Pandavas)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular active perfect from root vac (2nd class), with reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

हीने (hīne) - diminished (diminished, abandoned, devoid of, deprived)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - diminished, left, abandoned, devoid of, inferior

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hā (to abandon, forsake, leave) with suffix -na.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'dharme'. Locative absolute construction.

परमके (paramake) - supreme (supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of paramaka

paramaka - supreme, highest, excellent

Note: Agrees with 'dharme'.

धर्मे (dharme) - when the supreme natural law (dharma) (in the natural law (dharma), in the constitution, in duty)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature (dharma), religion

Note: Locative absolute construction.

सर्व-लोक-अतिलङ्घिनि (sarva-loka-atilaṅghini) - overpowers all people (transgressing all people/worlds, overcoming all people/worlds)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sarvalokātilaṅghin

sarvalokātilaṅghin - transgressing all worlds/people, overcoming all people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+loka+atilaṅghin)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• loka – world, people, realm
  noun (masculine)
• atilaṅghin – transgressing, surpassing, overcoming
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root laṅgh (to jump, cross) with upasarga ati- and suffix -in.
  Prefix: ati
  Root: laṅgh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dharme'.

अधर्मे (adharme) - when unrighteousness (adharma) (in unrighteousness (adharma), in injustice)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, vice (adharma)

Note: Locative absolute construction.

धर्मताम् (dharmatām) - into righteousness (state of being natural law (dharma), righteousness, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharmatā

dharmatā - state of being natural law (dharma), righteousness, intrinsic nature, property of dharma

Note: Object of 'nīte'.

नीते (nīte) - is made into (led, brought, made into)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nī

nīta - led, carried, brought, acquired, made into

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root nī (to lead, guide) with suffix -ta.

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'adharme'. Locative absolute construction.

धर्मे (dharme) - when natural law (dharma) (in the natural law (dharma), in duty)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature (dharma), religion

Note: Locative absolute construction.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अधर्मताम् (adharmatām) - into unrighteousness (adharma) (state of being unrighteousness (adharma), unrighteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of adharmatā

adharmatā - state of being unrighteousness (adharma), unrighteousness, sinfulness

Note: Object of 'gate'.

गते (gate) - has turned into (gone, resorted to, become)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gam

gata - gone, moved, resorted to, become

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with suffix -ta.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dharme'. Locative absolute construction.