महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-74

श्वपच उवाच ।
कामं नरा जीवितं संत्यजन्ति न चाभक्ष्यैः प्रतिकुर्वन्ति तत्र ।
सर्वान्कामान्प्राप्नुवन्तीह विद्वन्प्रियस्व कामं सहितः क्षुधा वै ॥७४॥

74. śvapaca uvāca ,
kāmaṁ narā jīvitaṁ saṁtyajanti; na cābhakṣyaiḥ pratikurvanti tatra ,
sarvānkāmānprāpnuvantīha vidva;npriyasva kāmaṁ sahitaḥ kṣudhā vai.

74. śvapacaḥ uvāca kāmam narāḥ jīvitam
saṃtyajanti na ca abhakṣyaiḥ pratikurvanti
tatra sarvān kāmān prāpnuvanti iha
vidvan priyasva kāmam sahitaḥ kṣudhā vai

74. śvapacaḥ uvāca kāmam narāḥ jīvitam
saṃtyajanti ca tatra abhakṣyaiḥ na
pratikurvanti vidvan iha sarvān kāmān prāpnuvanti
vai kāmam kṣudhā sahitaḥ priyasva

74. The Caṇḍāla (śvapaca) said: "Indeed, people readily abandon their lives and do not relieve themselves of hunger with forbidden foods. O wise one, (by doing so), they attain all desires in this world. Therefore, indeed, willingly accept being accompanied by hunger."

Words meanings summery:

• श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - The Caṇḍāla (śvapaca) (a dog-cooker, Caṇḍāla (outcaste))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कामम् (kāmam) - indeed, readily (indeed, certainly, willingly)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - lives (life, existence)

• संत्यजन्ति (saṁtyajanti) - they abandon (they abandon, give up entirely)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अभक्ष्यैः (abhakṣyaiḥ) - with forbidden foods (with forbidden foods, with non-eatable things)

• प्रतिकुर्वन्ति (pratikurvanti) - they relieve (themselves), counteract (they act against, they resist, they retaliate, they relieve)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (in that situation) (there, in that case, then)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all (masculine accusative plural))

• कामान् (kāmān) - desires (desires, wishes)

• प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they attain (they obtain, they attain, they reach)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, at this time)

• विद्वन् (vidvan) - O wise one (O wise one, O learned one)

• प्रियस्व (priyasva) - willingly accept (accept, be pleased with, choose)

• कामम् (kāmam) - willingly (indeed, certainly, willingly)

• सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by (accompanied by, together with, joined)

• क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger (by hunger, with hunger)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, truly)

Words meanings and morphology

श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - The Caṇḍāla (śvapaca) (a dog-cooker, Caṇḍāla (outcaste))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvapaca

śvapaca - one who cooks dogs, an outcaste, Caṇḍāla

Compound of `śvan` (dog) and `pac` (to cook).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śvan+pac)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• pac – to cook, to ripen, to digest
  verb
  Root: pac (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Class 2 verb, root `vac` (वच्), perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

कामम् (kāmam) - indeed, readily (indeed, certainly, willingly)

(indeclinable)

Accusative of `kāma` (desire) used adverbially.

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially as an intensifier.

नराः (narāḥ) - people (men, people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Masculine nominative plural.

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of `saṃtyajanti`.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - lives (life, existence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence; living

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root `jīv` (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of `saṃtyajanti`.

संत्यजन्ति (saṁtyajanti) - they abandon (they abandon, give up entirely)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of tyaj

Present Active

Root `tyaj` (to abandon), class 1, present indicative, 3rd person plural. With prefix `sam`.

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अभक्ष्यैः (abhakṣyaiḥ) - with forbidden foods (with forbidden foods, with non-eatable things)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of abhakṣya

abhakṣya - forbidden to eat, uneatable, not food

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Negative prefix `a` + `bhakṣya` (edible). Masculine/neuter instrumental plural.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+bhakṣya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
  Negative prefix.
• bhakṣya – edible, eatable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root `bhakṣ` (to eat).
  Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Denotes the means by which one might `pratikurvanti`.

प्रतिकुर्वन्ति (pratikurvanti) - they relieve (themselves), counteract (they act against, they resist, they retaliate, they relieve)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prati + kṛ

Present Active

Root `kṛ` (to do), class 8, present indicative, 3rd person plural. With prefix `prati`.

Prefix: prati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत्र (tatra) - there (in that situation) (there, in that case, then)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial indeclinable.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all (masculine accusative plural))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Masculine accusative plural.

कामान् (kāmān) - desires (desires, wishes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure, object of desire

Masculine accusative plural.

Root: kam (class 1)

प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they attain (they obtain, they attain, they reach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pra + āp

Present Active

Root `āp` (to obtain), class 5, present indicative, 3rd person plural. With prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, at this time)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial indeclinable.

विद्वन् (vidvan) - O wise one (O wise one, O learned one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - wise, learned, knowing; a wise person

Present Active Participle

From root `vid` (to know), present participle, masculine vocative singular.

Root: vid (class 2)

प्रियस्व (priyasva) - willingly accept (accept, be pleased with, choose)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present imperative (loṭ) of prī

Present Middle Imperative

Root `prī` (to be pleased), class 9, present imperative, 2nd person singular, Middle voice.

Root: prī (class 9)

कामम् (kāmam) - willingly (indeed, certainly, willingly)

(indeclinable)

Accusative of `kāma` (desire) used adverbially.

Root: kam (class 1)

सहितः (sahitaḥ) - accompanied by (accompanied by, together with, joined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahita

sahita - accompanied by, joined, endowed with, together with

Past Passive Participle

From `sa` (with) + `hita` (placed, fixed), or from root `sah` (to bear) + `ita`. Usually from `dhā` with `sa` as `sam`.

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Used with instrumental (`kṣudhā`) to indicate accompaniment.

क्षुधा (kṣudhā) - by hunger (by hunger, with hunger)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣudh

kṣudh - hunger, appetite

Feminine instrumental singular.

Root: kṣudh (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, truly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.