महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-12

अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
विश्वामित्रस्य संवादं चण्डालस्य च पक्कणे ॥१२॥

12. atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
viśvāmitrasya saṁvādaṁ caṇḍālasya ca pakkaṇe.

12. atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
viśvāmitrasya saṃvādam caṇḍālasya ca pakkaṇe

12. atra api imam purātanam itihāsam udāharanti
viśvāmitrasya ca caṇḍālasya saṃvādam pakkaṇe

12. In this regard, they also narrate this ancient story (itihāsa): the dialogue between Viśvāmitra and a Caṇḍāla, which took place in a Caṇāla settlement.

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - in this regard (referring to the previous verse's context of how to live in difficult times) (here, in this matter, in this case)

• अपि (api) - also (in addition to other examples or wisdom) (also, even, too)

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they narrate (this story) (they cite, they relate, they exemplify)

• इमम् (imam) - this (ancient story) (this, this one)

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient story (itihāsa) (history, legend, story, epic)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (story) (ancient, old, primeval)

• विश्वामित्रस्य (viśvāmitrasya) - of the sage Viśvāmitra (of Viśvāmitra)

• संवादम् (saṁvādam) - the dialogue (between Viśvāmitra and the Caṇḍāla) (conversation, dialogue, discourse)

• चण्डालस्य (caṇḍālasya) - of a Caṇḍāla (referring to a member of the lowest social class) (of a Caṇḍāla (an untouchable))

• च (ca) - and

• पक्कणे (pakkaṇe) - in a Caṇḍāla settlement (in a Caṇḍāla village/settlement)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - in this regard (referring to the previous verse's context of how to live in difficult times) (here, in this matter, in this case)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (in addition to other examples or wisdom) (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they narrate (this story) (they cite, they relate, they exemplify)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udāhṛ

Derived from root hṛ (to carry) with prefixes ut and ā

Prefixes: ut+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this (ancient story) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with itihāsam

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient story (itihāsa) (history, legend, story, epic)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, story, epic

Note: Object of udāharanti

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (story) (ancient, old, primeval)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval

Derived from purā (formerly) with suffix -tana

Note: Agrees with itihāsam

विश्वामित्रस्य (viśvāmitrasya) - of the sage Viśvāmitra (of Viśvāmitra)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - friend of all, name of a celebrated sage

संवादम् (saṁvādam) - the dialogue (between Viśvāmitra and the Caṇḍāla) (conversation, dialogue, discourse)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - conversation, dialogue, discourse

Derived from root vad (to speak) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Object of udāharanti, specified further.

चण्डालस्य (caṇḍālasya) - of a Caṇḍāla (referring to a member of the lowest social class) (of a Caṇḍāla (an untouchable))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of caṇḍāla

caṇḍāla - an untouchable, a low-caste person

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects Viśvāmitra and Caṇḍāla

पक्कणे (pakkaṇe) - in a Caṇḍāla settlement (in a Caṇḍāla village/settlement)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pakkaṇa

pakkaṇa - a village or settlement of Caṇḍālas