महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-72

श्वपच उवाच ।
यद्ब्राह्मणार्थे कृतमर्थितेन तेनर्षिणा तच्च भक्ष्याधिकारम् ।
स वै धर्मो यत्र न पापमस्ति सर्वैरुपायैर्हि स रक्षितव्यः ॥७२॥

72. śvapaca uvāca ,
yadbrāhmaṇārthe kṛtamarthitena; tenarṣiṇā tacca bhakṣyādhikāram ,
sa vai dharmo yatra na pāpamasti; sarvairupāyairhi sa rakṣitavyaḥ.

72. śvapacaḥ uvāca yat brāhmaṇārthe kṛtam
arthitena tena ṛṣiṇā tat ca bhakṣyādhikāram
sa vai dharmaḥ yatra na pāpam
asti sarvaiḥ upāyaiḥ hi sa rakṣitavyaḥ

72. śvapacaḥ uvāca yat tena arthitena ṛṣiṇā
brāhmaṇārthe kṛtam tat ca bhakṣyādhikāram
saḥ vai dharmaḥ yatra pāpam na
asti hi saḥ sarvaiḥ upāyaiḥ rakṣitavyaḥ

72. The Caṇḍāla (śvapaca) said: "That which was done by that supplicant sage (ṛṣi) for the sake of a Brahmin, indeed grants the right to eat (such food). That, surely, is the natural law (dharma) where no transgression (pāpa) exists. Indeed, that (law) must be protected by all means."

Words meanings summery:

• श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - The Caṇḍāla (śvapaca) (a dog-cooker, Caṇḍāla (outcaste))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• यत् (yat) - that which (that which, what, whatever)

• ब्राह्मणार्थे (brāhmaṇārthe) - for the sake of a Brahmin

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - was performed (done, made, performed)

• अर्थितेन (arthitena) - by that supplicant (by the supplicant, by the one requested)

• तेन (tena) - by that (by that, by him, by it)

• ऋषिणा (ṛṣiṇā) - by the sage (ṛṣi) (by the sage)

• तत् (tat) - that (act) (that, it)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• भक्ष्याधिकारम् (bhakṣyādhikāram) - grants the right to eat (right to eat, authority to eat (forbidden food))

• सः (saḥ) - that (that, he)

• वै (vai) - surely, indeed (indeed, certainly, truly)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (duty, righteousness, virtue, natural law, constitution)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which, in which case)

• न (na) - no (not, no, nor)

• पापम् (pāpam) - transgression (pāpa) (sin, evil, wrong, transgression)

• अस्ति (asti) - exists (is, exists, there is)

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all (by all, with all)

• उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by means (by means, by methods, by expedients)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, for, because)

• सः (saḥ) - that (law) (that, he)

• रक्षितव्यः (rakṣitavyaḥ) - must be protected (to be protected, should be protected)

Words meanings and morphology

श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - The Caṇḍāla (śvapaca) (a dog-cooker, Caṇḍāla (outcaste))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvapaca

śvapaca - one who cooks dogs, an outcaste, Caṇḍāla

Compound of `śvan` (dog) and `pac` (to cook).

Compound type : tatpurusha (śvan+pac)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• pac – to cook, to ripen, to digest
  verb
  Root: pac (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Class 2 verb, root `vac` (वच्), perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - that which (that which, what, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun, neuter nominative singular.

ब्राह्मणार्थे (brāhmaṇārthe) - for the sake of a Brahmin

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇārtha

brāhmaṇārtha - purpose/sake of a Brahmin

Compound of `brāhmaṇa` (Brahmin) and `artha` (purpose, sake). Locative case for 'for the sake of'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (brāhmaṇa+artha)

• brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, priest, belonging to Brahman
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - was performed (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From root `kṛ` (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अर्थितेन (arthitena) - by that supplicant (by the supplicant, by the one requested)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arthita

arthita - requested, begged, asked; one who requests, supplicant

Past Passive Participle

From root `arth` (to ask, request) + `ita` suffix.

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Often used to describe one who is a petitioner or seeker.

तेन (tena) - by that (by that, by him, by it)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine instrumental singular.

ऋषिणा (ṛṣiṇā) - by the sage (ṛṣi) (by the sage)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer

`ṛṣi` noun, masculine instrumental singular.

तत् (tat) - that (act) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Neuter nominative singular.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

भक्ष्याधिकारम् (bhakṣyādhikāram) - grants the right to eat (right to eat, authority to eat (forbidden food))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhakṣyādhikāra

bhakṣyādhikāra - right to eat, entitlement to eat

Compound of `bhakṣya` (edible) and `adhikāra` (right, authority).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhakṣya+adhikāra)

• bhakṣya – edible, eatable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root `bhakṣ` (to eat).
  Root: bhakṣ (class 10)
• adhikāra – right, authority, claim, office
  noun (masculine)
  From `adhi` + `kṛ` + `ghañ` suffix.
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The neuter form `bhakṣyādhikāram` functions as a predicate for `tat`.

सः (saḥ) - that (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular.

वै (vai) - surely, indeed (indeed, certainly, truly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (duty, righteousness, virtue, natural law, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution, intrinsic nature, code of conduct

From root `dhṛ` (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which, in which case)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial indeclinable.

न (na) - no (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

पापम् (pāpam) - transgression (pāpa) (sin, evil, wrong, transgression)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wrong, bad action, vice

अस्ति (asti) - exists (is, exists, there is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Root `as` (to be), class 2, present indicative, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all (by all, with all)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Masculine instrumental plural.

उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by means (by means, by methods, by expedients)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upaya

upaya - means, method, expedient, device

Masculine instrumental plural. From `upa` + `i` (to go) + `a` suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic/causal particle.

सः (saḥ) - that (law) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular.

रक्षितव्यः (rakṣitavyaḥ) - must be protected (to be protected, should be protected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rakṣitavya

rakṣitavya - to be protected, to be guarded

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root `rakṣ` (to protect) + `tavya` suffix.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)