महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-77

श्वपच उवाच ।
पतनीयमिदं दुःखमिति मे वर्तते मतिः ।
दुष्कृती ब्राह्मणं सन्तं यस्त्वामहमुपालभे ॥७७॥

77. śvapaca uvāca ,
patanīyamidaṁ duḥkhamiti me vartate matiḥ ,
duṣkṛtī brāhmaṇaṁ santaṁ yastvāmahamupālabhe.

77. śvapacaḥ uvāca patanīyam idam duḥkham iti me vartate
matiḥ duṣkṛtī brāhmaṇaṃ santaṃ yaḥ tvām aham upālabhe

77. śvapacaḥ uvāca idam duḥkham patanīyam iti me matiḥ
vartate aham duṣkṛtī yaḥ brāhmaṇaṃ santaṃ tvām upālabhe

77. The outcaste said: "This misery (duḥkha) is degrading (patanīyam); such is my conviction (mati). I, a wicked person (duṣkṛtī), am blaming you, a virtuous Brahmin."

Words meanings summery:

• श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - the outcaste (outcaste, dog-cooker (a person of low caste))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• पतनीयम् (patanīyam) - degrading, causing a fall (causing fall, degrading, to be fallen from, impure, condemnable)

• इदम् (idam) - this (suffering) (this, this one)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (duḥkha) (suffering, misery, distress, pain)

• इति (iti) - thus, (marks thought) (thus, so, this much, (marks quotation))

• मे (me) - my, to me (to me, my, by me)

• वर्तते (vartate) - exists, is present (exists, is, happens, turns)

• मतिः (matiḥ) - conviction, thought (mati) (thought, opinion, mind, intention, conviction)

• दुष्कृती (duṣkṛtī) - I, a wicked person (duṣkṛtī) (wicked, sinful, one who has committed evil deeds, sinner)

• ब्राह्मणं (brāhmaṇaṁ) - Brahmin (Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class)

• सन्तं (santaṁ) - virtuous (being, existing, good, virtuous, noble)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which, he who)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Viśvāmitra) (you)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the outcaste) (I)

• उपालभे (upālabhe) - I blame (I blame, I censure, I rebuke, I find fault with)

Words meanings and morphology

श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - the outcaste (outcaste, dog-cooker (a person of low caste))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvapaca

śvapaca - dog-cooker, outcaste, a person of the lowest caste

Compound of 'śvan' (dog) and 'pac' (cook).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvan+pac)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• pac – to cook, to ripen, to prepare
  verb
  Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated form 'uvāca'.

Root: vac (class 2)

पतनीयम् (patanīyam) - degrading, causing a fall (causing fall, degrading, to be fallen from, impure, condemnable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of patanīya

patanīya - causing fall, degrading, to be fallen from, impure, condemnable

gerundive

From root 'pat' (to fall) + 'anīya' suffix.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'duḥkham'.

इदम् (idam) - this (suffering) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun, refers to 'duḥkham'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (duḥkha) (suffering, misery, distress, pain)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, misery, distress, pain

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

इति (iti) - thus, (marks thought) (thus, so, this much, (marks quotation))

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates the thought content.

मे (me) - my, to me (to me, my, by me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Used as a possessive (my thought) or dative of interest.

वर्तते (vartate) - exists, is present (exists, is, happens, turns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of vṛt

present middle

Root 'vṛt' (1st class), present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'matiḥ'.

मतिः (matiḥ) - conviction, thought (mati) (thought, opinion, mind, intention, conviction)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - thought, opinion, mind, intention, conviction

From root 'man' (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'vartate'.

दुष्कृती (duṣkṛtī) - I, a wicked person (duṣkṛtī) (wicked, sinful, one who has committed evil deeds, sinner)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣkṛtin

duṣkṛtin - wicked, sinful, one who has committed evil deeds, sinner

Compound of 'dus' (bad, evil) and 'kṛtin' (doer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kṛtin)

• dus – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negativity or difficulty.
• kṛtin – doer, actor, meritorious, clever
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'kṛ' (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'aham' (implied).

ब्राह्मणं (brāhmaṇaṁ) - Brahmin (Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

Derived from 'brahman'.

Note: Object of 'upālabhe'.

सन्तं (santaṁ) - virtuous (being, existing, good, virtuous, noble)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sant

sant - being, existing, good, virtuous, noble, wise

present active participle

From root 'as' (to be) + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'brāhmaṇaṃ'.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'aham' (I).

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Viśvāmitra) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

Note: Object of 'upālabhe'.

अहम् (aham) - I (the outcaste) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'upālabhe'.

उपालभे (upālabhe) - I blame (I blame, I censure, I rebuke, I find fault with)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (lat) of upālabh

present middle

From 'upa' + 'ā' + root 'labh' (to obtain, here used in the sense of finding fault), present tense, 1st person singular, middle voice.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: labh (class 1)

Note: The main verb of the Śvapaca's statement.