महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-52

तमुवाच स चण्डालो महर्षे शृणु मे वचः ।
श्रुत्वा तथा समातिष्ठ यथा धर्मान्न हीयसे ॥५२॥

52. tamuvāca sa caṇḍālo maharṣe śṛṇu me vacaḥ ,
śrutvā tathā samātiṣṭha yathā dharmānna hīyase.

52. tam uvāca saḥ caṇḍālaḥ maharṣe śṛṇu me vacaḥ
śrutvā tathā samātiṣṭha yathā dharmāt na hīyase

52. saḥ caṇḍālaḥ tam uvāca maharṣe śṛṇu me vacaḥ
śrutvā tathā samātiṣṭha yathā dharmāt na hīyase

52. The outcaste (caṇḍāla) said to him, "O great sage, listen to my words. Having heard them, act accordingly so that you do not deviate from your natural law (dharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, to him

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सः (saḥ) - he (the caṇḍāla) (he)

• चण्डालः (caṇḍālaḥ) - outcaste, untouchable

• महर्षे (maharṣe) - O great sage

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• मे (me) - my (words) (my, to me)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तथा (tathā) - accordingly, in that way

• समातिष्ठ (samātiṣṭha) - abide, act, conduct yourself

• यथा (yathā) - so that, in order that

• धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from your natural law (dharma) (from dharma, from duty, from natural law)

• न (na) - not

• हीयसे (hīyase) - you are deprived, you fall away, you lose

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, to him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active indicative

perfect tense form of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he (the caṇḍāla) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

चण्डालः (caṇḍālaḥ) - outcaste, untouchable

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of caṇḍāla

caṇḍāla - an outcaste, person of the lowest and most despised caste, untouchable

महर्षे (maharṣe) - O great sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, eminent seer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ṛṣi)

• mahat – great, large, eminent
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative second person singular

root śru (5th class) in imperative mood

Root: śru (class 5)

मे (me) - my (words) (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

formed from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

तथा (tathā) - accordingly, in that way

(indeclinable)

समातिष्ठ (samātiṣṭha) - abide, act, conduct yourself

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of samā-sthā

imperative second person singular

root sthā with prefixes sam and ā, imperative mood

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

यथा (yathā) - so that, in order that

(indeclinable)

धर्मात् (dharmāt) - from your natural law (dharma) (from dharma, from duty, from natural law)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution, essential nature

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

हीयसे (hīyase) - you are deprived, you fall away, you lose

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of hā

present middle indicative

root hā (3rd class) in present middle (ātmanepada) indicative

Root: hā (class 3)