महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-64

श्वपच उवाच ।
नैतत्खादन्प्राप्स्यसे प्राणमन्यं नायुर्दीर्घं नामृतस्येव तृप्तिम् ।
भिक्षामन्यां भिक्ष मा ते मनोऽस्तु श्वभक्षणे श्वा ह्यभक्षो द्विजानाम् ॥६४॥

64. śvapaca uvāca ,
naitatkhādanprāpsyase prāṇamanyaṁ; nāyurdīrghaṁ nāmṛtasyeva tṛptim ,
bhikṣāmanyāṁ bhikṣa mā te mano'stu; śvabhakṣaṇe śvā hyabhakṣo dvijānām.

64. śvapacaḥ uvāca | na etat khādan prāpsyase
prāṇam anyam na āyuḥ dīrgham na amṛtasya
iva tṛptim | bhikṣām anyām bhikṣa mā te manaḥ
astu śvabhakṣaṇe śvā hi abhakṣaḥ dvijānām

64. śvapacaḥ uvāca etat khādan prāṇam na
prāpsyase anyam na āyuḥ dīrgham na amṛtasya
iva tṛptim anyām bhikṣām bhikṣa te manaḥ mā
astu śvabhakṣaṇe hi śvā dvijānām abhakṣaḥ

64. The dog-eater said: 'By eating this, you will not gain life, nor a long lifespan, nor satisfaction like that from nectar. Beg for other alms. Do not set your mind on eating dog meat, for indeed, a dog is not to be eaten by Brahmins (dvija).'

Words meanings summery:

• श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - the dog-eater (referring to the speaker) (a dog-cook, a dog-eater, an outcaste)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• एतत् (etat) - this (meat) (this)

• खादन् (khādan) - eating, by eating

• प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - you will obtain, you will reach

• प्राणम् (prāṇam) - life, breath

• अन्यम् (anyam) - other, different

• न (na) - nor

• आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long

• न (na) - nor

• अमृतस्य (amṛtasya) - of nectar, of immortality

• इव (iva) - like, as

• तृप्तिम् (tṛptim) - satisfaction, contentment

• भिक्षाम् (bhikṣām) - alms, begging

• अन्याम् (anyām) - other, another

• भिक्ष (bhikṣa) - beg!

• मा (mā) - do not

• ते (te) - your, to you

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be

• श्वभक्षणे (śvabhakṣaṇe) - on eating dog meat, regarding eating dog

• श्वा (śvā) - a dog

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

• अभक्षः (abhakṣaḥ) - not to be eaten, uneatable

• द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - of Brahmins (dvija) (of the twice-born, of Brahmins)

Words meanings and morphology

श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - the dog-eater (referring to the speaker) (a dog-cook, a dog-eater, an outcaste)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvapaca

śvapaca - dog-cook, dog-eater, an outcaste, caṇḍāla

Compound of 'śvan' (dog) and 'paca' (cook/eater).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvan+paca)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• paca – cook, eater
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pac' (to cook) with suffix 'a'
  Root: pac (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Perfect tense form, often translated as simple past.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

एतत् (etat) - this (meat) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to the dog meat.

खादन् (khādan) - eating, by eating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khādat

khādat - eating, devouring

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'khād' with suffix 'śatṛ'

Root: khād (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied subject 'you'.

प्राप्स्यसे (prāpsyase) - you will obtain, you will reach

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (ḷṛṭ) of āp

Future Tense (Middle Voice)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

प्राणम् (prāṇam) - life, breath

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāṇa

prāṇa - breath, life, vital air

Prefix: pra

Root: an (class 2)

अन्यम् (anyam) - other, different

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: It qualifies 'āyuḥ' (life-span), which can be masculine or neuter. Here the accusative singular masculine form 'anyam' suggests a masculine interpretation.

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Used here to connect two negative clauses (neither... nor...).

आयुः (āyuḥ) - life, lifespan

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, lifespan, vitality

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Here in accusative, as object of 'prāpsyase'.

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall, extensive

Note: Agrees with 'āyuḥ'.

न (na) - nor

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अमृतस्य (amṛtasya) - of nectar, of immortality

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - immortal, nectar, ambrosia, state of immortality

Formed with negative prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+mṛta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• mṛta – dead, deceased
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'mṛ' (to die) with suffix 'kta'
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

तृप्तिम् (tṛptim) - satisfaction, contentment

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tṛpti

tṛpti - satisfaction, contentment, gratification

Root: tṛp (class 4)

Note: Object of 'prāpsyase'.

भिक्षाम् (bhikṣām) - alms, begging

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhikṣā

bhikṣā - alms, begging, charity

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'bhikṣa'.

अन्याम् (anyām) - other, another

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with 'bhikṣām'.

भिक्ष (bhikṣa) - beg!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhikṣ

Imperative

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

मा (mā) - do not

(indeclinable)

Prohibitive particle, used with injunctive (luṅ, laṅ, vidhi-liṅ) or sometimes loṭ. Here with loṭ (astu).

Note: Used to express a prohibition.

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of 'yuṣmad'.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, spirit

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'astu'.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Imperative

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used with 'mā' for prohibition.

श्वभक्षणे (śvabhakṣaṇe) - on eating dog meat, regarding eating dog

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śvabhakṣaṇa

śvabhakṣaṇa - eating dog, dog-eating

Compound of 'śvan' (dog) and 'bhakṣaṇa' (eating).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvan+bhakṣaṇa)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• bhakṣaṇa – eating, consuming
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'bhakṣ' (to eat) with suffix 'lyuṭ'
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

श्वा (śvā) - a dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asti' (is).

हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

(indeclinable)

Emphatic/causal particle.

अभक्षः (abhakṣaḥ) - not to be eaten, uneatable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhakṣa

abhakṣa - not to be eaten, uneatable, forbidden food

Masculine nominative singular. Formed with negative prefix 'a-'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+bhakṣa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• bhakṣa – food, that which is eaten
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhakṣ' (to eat) with suffix 'a'
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'śvā'.

द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - of Brahmins (dvija) (of the twice-born, of Brahmins)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born) with suffix 'ḍa'
  Root: jan (class 4)