महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-66

श्वपच उवाच ।
पञ्च पञ्चनखा भक्ष्या ब्रह्मक्षत्रस्य वै द्विज ।
यदि शास्त्रं प्रमाणं ते माभक्ष्ये मानसं कृथाः ॥६६॥

66. śvapaca uvāca ,
pañca pañcanakhā bhakṣyā brahmakṣatrasya vai dvija ,
yadi śāstraṁ pramāṇaṁ te mābhakṣye mānasaṁ kṛthāḥ.

66. śvapacaḥ uvāca | pañca pañcanakhāḥ
bhakṣyāḥ brahmakṣatrasya
vai dvija | yadi śāstram pramāṇam
te mā abhakṣye mānasam kṛthāḥ

66. śvapacaḥ uvāca dvija vai brahmakṣatrasya pañca pañcanakhāḥ bhakṣyāḥ yadi śāstram te pramāṇam,
mā abhakṣye mānasam kṛthāḥ

66. The dog-eater said: 'Five types of five-clawed (pañcanakha) animals are permissible to eat for the Brahmin (dvija) and the Kṣatriya, indeed! If scripture is your authority, then do not set your mind on what is not to be eaten.'

Words meanings summery:

• श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - the dog-eater (referring to the speaker) (a dog-cook, a dog-eater, an outcaste)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• पञ्चनखाः (pañcanakhāḥ) - five-clawed (pañcanakha) animals (five-clawed (animals))

• भक्ष्याः (bhakṣyāḥ) - edible, to be eaten

• ब्रह्मक्षत्रस्य (brahmakṣatrasya) - for the Brahmins and Kṣatriyas

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (dvija) (O twice-born one, O Brahmin)

• यदि (yadi) - if

• शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scripture, sacred text, rule

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - authority, measure, proof

• ते (te) - your, to you

• मा (mā) - do not

• अभक्ष्ये (abhakṣye) - on what is not to be eaten, regarding the uneatable

• मानसम् (mānasam) - mind, thought

• कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should make, you should do, you should place

Words meanings and morphology

श्वपचः (śvapacaḥ) - the dog-eater (referring to the speaker) (a dog-cook, a dog-eater, an outcaste)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvapaca

śvapaca - dog-cook, dog-eater, an outcaste, caṇḍāla

Compound of 'śvan' (dog) and 'paca' (cook/eater).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvan+paca)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• paca – cook, eater
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pac' (to cook) with suffix 'a'
  Root: pac (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root: vac (class 2)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Always plural in meaning.

पञ्चनखाः (pañcanakhāḥ) - five-clawed (pañcanakha) animals (five-clawed (animals))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pañcanakha

pañcanakha - five-nailed, five-clawed (an animal with five claws, usually edible)

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+nakha)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• nakha – nail, claw
  noun (masculine)

भक्ष्याः (bhakṣyāḥ) - edible, to be eaten

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhakṣya

bhakṣya - to be eaten, edible, food

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root 'bhakṣ' (to eat) with suffix 'yat'.

Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'pañcanakhāḥ'.

ब्रह्मक्षत्रस्य (brahmakṣatrasya) - for the Brahmins and Kṣatriyas

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of brahmakṣatra

brahmakṣatra - the Brahmins and Kṣatriyas (the two highest varṇas)

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (brahman+kṣatra)

• brahman – Brahmin, priest, the Absolute
  noun (masculine)
• kṣatra – rule, dominion, the warrior class
  noun (neuter)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

द्विज (dvija) - O Brahmin (dvija) (O twice-born one, O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born) with suffix 'ḍa'
  Root: jan (class 4)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

Conditional conjunction.

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scripture, sacred text, rule

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śāstra

śāstra - instruction, rule, science, scripture, sacred text

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asti'.

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - authority, measure, proof

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, standard, authority, proof, evidence

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'śāstram'.

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form of 'yuṣmad'.

मा (mā) - do not

(indeclinable)

Prohibitive particle, used with injunctive (luṅ) or sometimes loṭ. Here with 'kṛthāḥ' (luṅ).

Note: Used to express a prohibition.

अभक्ष्ये (abhakṣye) - on what is not to be eaten, regarding the uneatable

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of abhakṣya

abhakṣya - not to be eaten, uneatable, forbidden food

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root 'bhakṣ' (to eat) with prefix 'a-' and 'yat' suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+bhakṣya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• bhakṣya – to be eaten, edible, food
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)
  From root 'bhakṣ' (to eat) with suffix 'yat'
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

मानसम् (mānasam) - mind, thought

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mānasa

mānasa - mental, mind, thought

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of 'kṛthāḥ'.

कृथाः (kṛthāḥ) - you should make, you should do, you should place

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist Tense (Injunctive)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used with 'mā' to express a prohibition ('do not do/make').