महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-15

न ववर्ष सहस्राक्षः प्रतिलोमोऽभवद्गुरुः ।
जगाम दक्षिणं मार्गं सोमो व्यावृत्तलक्षणः ॥१५॥

15. na vavarṣa sahasrākṣaḥ pratilomo'bhavadguruḥ ,
jagāma dakṣiṇaṁ mārgaṁ somo vyāvṛttalakṣaṇaḥ.

15. na vavarṣa sahasrākṣaḥ pratilomaḥ abhavat guruḥ
jagāma dakṣiṇam mārgam somaḥ vyāvṛttalakṣaṇaḥ

15. sahasrākṣaḥ na vavarṣa guruḥ pratilomaḥ abhavat
vyāvṛttalakṣaṇaḥ somaḥ dakṣiṇam mārgam jagāma

15. Indra, the thousand-eyed one, did not rain. Jupiter became unfavorable. The Moon, having turned away its usual auspicious signs, moved along the southern path.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• ववर्ष (vavarṣa) - rained, showered

• सहस्राक्षः (sahasrākṣaḥ) - Indra (the thousand-eyed one)

• प्रतिलोमः (pratilomaḥ) - unfavorable, adverse, reversed

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• गुरुः (guruḥ) - The planet Jupiter (Jupiter; teacher; heavy)

• जगाम (jagāma) - went, moved

• दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern, right

• मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, way, road

• सोमः (somaḥ) - The Moon (the Moon; Soma plant/juice)

• व्यावृत्तलक्षणः (vyāvṛttalakṣaṇaḥ) - having turned away its characteristics/signs, whose signs are reversed

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ववर्ष (vavarṣa) - rained, showered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vṛṣ

Perfect Active

reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: From root √vṛṣ.

सहस्राक्षः (sahasrākṣaḥ) - Indra (the thousand-eyed one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahasrākṣa

sahasrākṣa - thousand-eyed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasra+akṣa)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Indra.

प्रतिलोमः (pratilomaḥ) - unfavorable, adverse, reversed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiloma

pratiloma - against the hair/grain, contrary, adverse, unfavorable, inverted

Compound type : avyayībhāva / karmadhāraya (prati+loma)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
• loma – hair, wool
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying Guru.

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

Augmented imperfect, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: From root √bhū.

गुरुः (guruḥ) - The planet Jupiter (Jupiter; teacher; heavy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, heavy, venerable, Jupiter

जगाम (jagāma) - went, moved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect Active

reduplicated perfect, 3rd person singular

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: From root √gam.

दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern, right

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right, skillful, submissive

Note: Modifies `mārgam`.

मार्गम् (mārgam) - path, way, road

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - path, road, way, course

सोमः (somaḥ) - The Moon (the Moon; Soma plant/juice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - Moon, Soma (plant/juice), name of a deity

व्यावृत्तलक्षणः (vyāvṛttalakṣaṇaḥ) - having turned away its characteristics/signs, whose signs are reversed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāvṛttalakṣaṇa

vyāvṛttalakṣaṇa - having turned away its characteristics/signs, with signs reversed/unfavorable

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyāvṛtta+lakṣaṇa)

• vyāvṛtta – turned away, separated, ceased
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √vṛt with vi + ā
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• lakṣaṇa – sign, mark, characteristic, auspicious mark
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying `somaḥ`.