महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-139, verse-7

अतित्यक्षुः पुत्रपौत्राननुक्रोशान्नराधिप ।
कथमापत्सु वर्तेत तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥७॥

7. atityakṣuḥ putrapautrānanukrośānnarādhipa ,
kathamāpatsu varteta tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

7. atityakṣuḥ putrapautrān anukrośāt narādhipa
katham āpatsu varteta tat me brūhi pitāmaha

7. narādhipa pitāmaha,
anukrośāt putrapautrān atityakṣuḥ [janaḥ] katham āpatsu varteta,
tat me brūhi.

7. O King, O Grandfather, tell me how a person, who, out of compassion (anukrośa), wishes to abandon his sons and grandsons, should act in times of calamity.

Words meanings summery:

• अतित्यक्षुः (atityakṣuḥ) - one who desires to abandon, wishing to forsake

• पुत्रपौत्रान् (putrapautrān) - sons and grandsons

• अनुक्रोशात् (anukrośāt) - from compassion, out of pity

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - Addressing Bhishma. (O king, lord of men)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities, in misfortunes, in distress

• वर्तेत (varteta) - should act, should behave, should exist

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the question of 'how one should act'. (that, it)

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhishma. (O grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

अतित्यक्षुः (atityakṣuḥ) - one who desires to abandon, wishing to forsake

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atityakṣu

atityakṣu - one who wishes to abandon or forsake

Desiderative Agent

Formed from the desiderative stem of the root `tyaj` with the suffix `-u`.

Prefix: ati

Root: tyaj (class 1)

पुत्रपौत्रान् (putrapautrān) - sons and grandsons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putrapautra

putrapautra - sons and grandsons, offspring

Compound type : dvandva (putra+pautra)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• pautra – grandson
  noun (masculine)

अनुक्रोशात् (anukrośāt) - from compassion, out of pity

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of anukrośa

anukrośa - compassion, pity, sympathy

Derived from `anu` + root `kruś` (to cry out).

Prefix: anu

Root: kruś (class 1)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - Addressing Bhishma. (O king, lord of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in calamities, in misfortunes, in distress

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, adversity

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

वर्तेत (varteta) - should act, should behave, should exist

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vṛt

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root `vṛt`.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तत् (tat) - Refers to the question of 'how one should act'. (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

Note: Can be dative or genitive. Dative fits 'tell to me' better.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Mood, Parasmaipada, 2nd Person Singular

Irregular imperative form of the root `brū`.

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - Addressing Bhishma. (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father), a name of Brahma