वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-59, verse-41

ते ऽर्दिता बाणबर्षेण भिन्नगात्राः प्लवंगमाः ।
न शेकुरतिकायस्य प्रतिकर्तुं महारणे ॥४१॥

41. te'rditā bāṇabarṣeṇa bhinnagātrāḥ plavaṃgamāḥ ,
na śekuratikāyasya pratikartuṃ mahāraṇe.

41. te arditāḥ bāṇabarṣeṇa bhinnagātrāḥ plavaṅgamāḥ
na śekuḥ atikāyasya pratikartum mahāraṇe

41. Afflicted by the rain of arrows, their bodies shattered, those monkeys (plavaṅgama) were unable to retaliate against Atikāya in the great battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they, those

• अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - afflicted, tormented, wounded

• बाणबर्षेण (bāṇabarṣeṇa) - by the rain of arrows, by the shower of arrows

• भिन्नगात्राः (bhinnagātrāḥ) - with shattered bodies, broken-limbed

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (plavaṅgama) (monkeys)

• न (na) - not

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - were able

• अतिकायस्य (atikāyasya) - of Atikāya (proper noun) (of Atikāya)

• प्रतिकर्तुम् (pratikartum) - to retaliate, to resist, to counteract

• महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the monkeys (plavaṅgamāḥ).

अर्दिताः (arditāḥ) - afflicted, tormented, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ardita

ardita - pained, distressed, afflicted, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle (kta) of the root ard.

Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Agrees with te and plavaṅgamāḥ.

बाणबर्षेण (bāṇabarṣeṇa) - by the rain of arrows, by the shower of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bāṇabarṣa

bāṇabarṣa - rain of arrows, shower of arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṇa+varṣa)

• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower, year
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

भिन्नगात्राः (bhinnagātrāḥ) - with shattered bodies, broken-limbed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhinnagātra

bhinnagātra - having broken or shattered limbs/body

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhinna+gātra)

• bhinna – broken, shattered, divided
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle (kta) of the root bhid.
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• gātra – limb, body
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with te and plavaṅgamāḥ.

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (plavaṅgama) (monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey (literally 'one who goes by leaping')

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (plava+gama)

• plava – a leap, jump; a boat
  noun (masculine)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving; one who goes
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from the root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - were able

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of śak

Perfect tense (Lit) form of the root.

Root: śak (class 5)

अतिकायस्य (atikāyasya) - of Atikāya (proper noun) (of Atikāya)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of atikāya

atikāya - Atikāya (name of a giant demon), huge-bodied

प्रतिकर्तुम् (pratikartum) - to retaliate, to resist, to counteract

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive (tumun) form of the root kṛ with prefix prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महारणे (mahāraṇe) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāraṇa

mahāraṇa - great battle, great war

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+raṇa)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• raṇa – battle, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)

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